Team:NYC Earthians/static/js/main-a45d4287-chunk-js

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i.a.createElement("div",{className:"journal"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:u}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Journal"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a7"},"Friday, August 7, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Full group meeting today. Tarjani Agrawal, a biologist, came today to give us some helpful advice on how we can improve different aspects of our project.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a14"},"Friday, August 14, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Full group meeting today. Dr. Agrawal led us through how to use the blastp program and benchling and explained the reasons for using the different programs. We have also decided on what specifically we will genetically engineer within the sequence coding for the APOL-1 protein.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a19"},"Wednesday, August 19, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Business group meeting today. We worked on writing down prompts and questions we could ask during the global meetup and workshop, and also started to research potential past IGEM projects that we could write about in a paper for a collaboration with Maastricht.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a20"},"Thursday, August 20, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Computational group meeting today. We have decided to choose APOL3 for Bos Taurus and to align its genomic sequence with the APOL1 genomic sequence of baboons. I believe APOL3 is on chromosome 5 of the cow. The computational team was tasked with reading literature on asymmetrical donor DNA and dynamics of CRSPR repair. More lists can be found on the recorded video.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a21"},"Friday, August 21, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Global meetup today. We discussed with many different IGEM teams about GMOs and the ethics behind it, and we also learned about what other teams are doing for their IGEM projects. We also got to connect with other teams that are also doing projects within the same field as ours.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"a22"},"Saturday, August 22, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Business meeting today. Today we researched what markets are directly affected by African cattle farming and the problems economically that are caused by the death of cattle due to nagana. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"s8"},"Tuesday, September 8, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Full team meeting today. Today we discussed the promotion video and we assigned roles within the video to different group members. We also elaborated on our team wiki. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"s12"},"Saturday, September 12, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Business team meeting today. Today we further discussed about the promotion video and the additional details that could be added.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"s15"},"Tuesday September 15, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Full team meeting today. Today we worked on our presentation slides and helped assign parts to different sections of the slides.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"o6"},"Tuesday, October 6, 2020"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Full team meeting today. We got our abstract finished today, and discussed on other presentables such as the wiki."))))},g=(t(37),t(38),t(39),t(40),t(41),t(42),t(43),t(44),t(45),t(46),t(47),[{name:"h2",content:"Alex"},{name:"h3",content:"Cyrus"},{name:"h4",content:"Yumin"},{name:"h5",content:"Dylan"},{name:"h6",content:"Bill"},{name:"h7",content:"Isabella"},{name:"h8",content:"Joon"},{name:"h9",content:"Justin"},{name:"h10",content:"Ryan"},{name:"h1",content:"Emily"}]),E=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"team"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:g}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Team"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Alex"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"Hi, my name is Alex and I\u2019m a junior in New York\u2019s Stuyvesant High School."),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"Cyrus"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"Hi, my name is Alex and I\u2019m a junior in New York\u2019s Stuyvesant High School."),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"Yumin"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"I am a junior in school in Atlanta. I love math and science, especially computational biology. I believe that iGEM will help me in the future."),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h5"},"Dylan"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"Hi, my name is Dylan. I am a senior at Stuyvesant High School. I am intrigued by mathematics, science, and physics, and I am passionate about jazz music as well. This project is my introduction to research, and I hope I acquire useful skills that will benefit me in the future. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h6"},"Bill"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"I am interested in fields related to both math and literature, but I\u2019m not an expert: I am seeking my favorite subject at the moment. Biology is certainly one of my interests. He works with more potential when things are orderly. IGEM is the very first long-term team project in his life, and it will be a rewarding task.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h7"},"Isabella"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"Hi! I\u2019m Isabella, and I\u2019m currently a senior at Stuyvesant High School. I am interested in combining both STEM principles and visual arts, and I believe that IGEM blends these fields nicely. As the business team manager, I help with the human practices side, as well as outreach.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h8"},"Joon"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"A member of NYC Earthians iGem\u2019s Bio team, I\u2019m a big fan of biology and physics, and a tetris master. I\u2019m interested in computational biology, and I believe that iGem will be a perfect opportunity for me to meet other people who will write the future of biotechnology. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h9"},"Justin"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"I\u2019ve always been interested in genetics and chemistry which is why I believe iGEM will be a great opportunity for me to develop my interests more. This is my first year doing iGEM so I will work hard to learn and improve as a student from this experience. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h10"},"Ryan"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"problem",src:""}),"I am a student in high school. I like to entertain people with his magic tricks. I first got to learn Biology in his first high school year, and attended iGem lately. Opportunity to attend this iGem will benefit me in many ways for me to accomplish my goals ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Emily"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{className:"team-img",id:"img1",src:""}),"Hello friends! I\u2019m Emily, a senior at Stuyvesant High School. Academically, I am very into chemistry and genetics, and I think that being part of iGEM\u2019s biocomputational team allowed me to explore these interests. However, when I am not doing work, I am usually either dancing latin or flow, reading, or exercising!")))},b=(t(48),t(19)),N=t.n(b),f=t(10),y=function(){return i.a.createElement("footer",null,i.a.createElement(N.a,null,i.a.createElement("div",{className:"icon-row"},i.a.createElement(f.b,{color:"white",size:"2.5rem"}),i.a.createElement(f.d,{color:"white",size:"2.5rem"}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:"",width:100}),i.a.createElement(f.c,{color:"white",size:"2.5rem"}),i.a.createElement(f.a,{color:"white",size:"2.5rem"}))))},w=(t(51),[{name:"h1",content:"Plan"},{name:"h2",content:"Step One Delivery Mechanism: Nanoparticles are an efficient way to deliver the gene edits in cattle:"},{name:"h3",content:"Step Two: Breed a Homozygous Cow with the Mutation"},{name:"h4",content:"Step Three: Create a legal entity with patents"},{name:"h5",content:"Step 4: Distribute donor sperm to affected nations. Spermatozoa transplant would be an effective way to distribute the genetic material. "}]),v=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"implementation"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:w}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Implementation"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Plan"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Step One Delivery Mechanism: Nanoparticles are an efficient way to deliver the gene edits in cattle:"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"Step Two: Breed a Homozygous Cow with the Mutation"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"Step 3- Create a legal entity with patents"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""}),"Patent Lawyer Cynthia Lamon generously agreed to advise the team pro-bono on patent filings, meeting with us over zoom",i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""}),"Andre, CEO of Ligandal will use his non-profit entity Bio-Defense Fund as the container for the patents and revenue, financing the research and distribution of trypanosoma-resistant cattle. Countries or trade organizations could negotiate specific deals with the organization")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h5"},"Step 4: Distribute donor sperm to affected nations. Spermatozoa transplant would be an effective way to distribute the genetic material. "),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})))))},C=(t(52),[{name:"h1",content:"August 21: Collaboration - Hosted meetup at iGEM global meetup on GMO Ethics."},{name:"h2",content:"September/October: Helped other iGem teams by filling out surveys, including:"},{name:"h3",content:"October 15th:"}]),k=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"collaborations"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:C}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Collaboration Journal"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"August 21: Collaboration - Hosted meetup at iGEM global meetup on GMO Ethics."),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""}),"Notes: attended by 8-9 people. ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Questions discussed: ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("ul",null,i.a.createElement("li",null,"Do you think that GMO\u2019s are good or bad when looked at holistically?"),i.a.createElement("li",null,"What responsibilities do you think biologists have to the public when modifying organisms?"),i.a.createElement("li",null,"What are fears that people have about GMO\u2019s and how can they be addressed?"),i.a.createElement("li",null,"What are some productive ways to educate people about the benefits of GMO\u2019s?")),"We loved having a spirited discussion about the ethics and controversy around GMO\u2019S!")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"September/October: Helped other iGem teams by filling out surveys, including:"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},"CCA iGEM Human Practices Survey ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"iGEM NTHU: BioSQUAD - Biosynthesis Quantum Dots ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Software Survey - Maloadis SYSU-Sofware ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Carbon consumption and emission survey ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"NCTU FORMOSA",i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""}))),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"October 15th:"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},"CRISPR collaboration ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Working Group ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Team GunnVistaPingry_US ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Team GunVistaPingry_US helped us design Guide RNA\u2019s ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"We tested their system and gave them feedback on their presentation",i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})))))},T=t(6),P=(t(53),[{name:"h1",content:"Project Goal"},{name:"h2",content:"Why Are Cattle Prone To Infection?"},{name:"h3",content:"APOL3 Model"},{name:"h4",content:"Protein Structure Differences"},{name:"h5",content:"Testing Hypothesis"},{name:"h6",content:"Clone Into Mammalian Expression Plasmid"},{name:"h7",content:"Recieving The Plasmids"},{name:"h8",content:"What is CRISPR?"},{name:"h9",content:"Structure Prediction"}]),A=function(){var e,a,t,n;return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"engineering"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:P}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Engineering Journal"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Project Goal"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",Object(T.a)({id:"problem",src:""},"id","ej1"))," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Our project goal was to create a synthetic protein that could be expressed in Bos Taurus (cattle), that would provide it with immunity to trypanosomiasis. Knowing that the Baboon APOL1 provided such an immunity, we began by searching for a close homolog in the cow, which we proposed to edit with CRISPR/CAS9 to provide it with an equivalent function to the Baboon APOL-1 (Pore-forming / Trypanosome-lysing)")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Why Are Cattle Prone To Infection?"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",Object(T.a)({id:"problem",src:""},"id","ej2"))," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"We first checked for the presence of the APOL1 protein in the Bos taurus genome. To do this we used Blast (Basic Local Alignment Sequence Tool) to find an Apol 1 homolog in the Bos Taurus genome. We discovered that the Apol1 protein is absent in Bos taurus; however, we found multiple other proteins expressed in the Bos taurus genome which are very similar to Baboon APOL1. The most similar variant was APOL3. Upon sequence analysis we found that APOL3 is significantly different from APOL1 at the N terminus of the protein, and hypothesised that the N-terminus could play an important role for pore formation and lytic activity of APOL1. We also knew from the literature that the C terminus plays an important role in the pore-forming characteristic as well. ")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"APOL3 Model"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",Object(T.a)({id:"problem",src:""},"id","ej3"))," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Now that we identified which gene would most likely help us achieve our desired result, we modeled the APOL3 protein to make sure that it differs only at the N and C termini and is similar in most other areas.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",Object(T.a)({className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"id","ej4"),"Protein Structure Differences"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:"",id:"ej4"})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"We used two different tools to analyze the structure of these proteins. We used a homology-based structure prediction software called HHPred and a software called RaptorX that uses a de-novo algorithm to make structural prediction. We found on both models that APOL1 and APOL3 had a very similar structure other than the N-terminus portion. The helix in the N-terminus as shown in the APOL3 figures was tilted outwards and didn\u2019t interact with the C terminus, although it does in the baboon APOL1, as can be seen from the models. Hence, we hypothesized that the dissimilar N-terminus is the most likely reason for the APOL3 not being able to form pores and lyse trypanosomes. We assumed that C-terminus is also likely to play a role, due to the fact that it is cited in the literature as a key agent in pore-forming.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h5"},"Testing Hypothesis"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:"",id:"ej5"})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Next in the genomic engineering pipeline was our goal of designing a functional APOL-3 chimera protein that would perform the same pore-forming task as APOL1 would. ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"As we had hypothesized that the N and C termini are the major reasons behind the lack of pore-forming capability in APOL3, we decided to create three chimeric proteins. The first replaced the C-terminus of the Bos Taurus ApoL3 with the one from the baboon\u2019s APOL1. The second attached the N-terminus of the Baboon ApoL1 at the beginning of the Bos Taurus ApoL3 gene. The third chimera had both of the changes (N and C). We also included the original Baboon APOL-1 and Bos Taurus APOL-3 as controls"),i.a.createElement("img",{src:"",id:"ej6"})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("p",null,"The next step was to develop the chimeric proteins and test for them for function:")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h6"},"Clone Into Mammalian Expression Plasmid"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("p",null,"Not able to get into a lab ourselves because of the pandemic, we ordered discounted plasmids from our generous sponsor, ATUM"),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"We partnered with Andre Watson, the CEO of SF startup Ligandal for testing and implementation.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h7"},"Recieving The Plasmids"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"vials",src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"s1",src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("p",null,"We designed SGRNA guides with the help of\u201d 2020 iGem Team GunnVistaPingry_US (above), who had developed a computational system for guide RNA optimization. ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"We then ordered them from our sponsor Synthego ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"s2",src:""})))),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h8"},"What is CRISPR?"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("p",null,"Engineered CRISPR systems contain two components: a guide RNA (gRNA or sgRNA) and a CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas protein). The gRNA is a short synthetic RNA composed of a scaffold sequence necessary for Cas-binding and a user-defined \u223c20 nucleotide spacer that defines the genomic target to be modified. Thus, one can change the genomic target of the Cas protein by simply changing the target sequence present in the gRNA. ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"How does CRISPR work? ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("ul",null,i.a.createElement("li",null,"Cas9 combines with gRNA to form a Cas9-gRNA complex."),i.a.createElement("li",null,"gRNA binds to PAM sequence which is present directly adjacent to the target."),i.a.createElement("li",null,"The target is cleaved by the virtue of Cas9 endonuclease near the PAM sequence. "),i.a.createElement("li",null,"When the gap is formed, any desirable sequence can be attached. For this to happen, a DNA repair template containing the desired sequence must be delivered into the cell type of interest with the gRNA(s) and Cas9 or Cas9 nickase. The repair template must contain the desired edit as well as additional homologous sequence immediately upstream and downstream of the target (termed left & right homology arms) The length of each homology arm is dependent on the size of the change being introduced, with larger insertions requiring longer homology arms."),i.a.createElement("li",null,"Following homology repair, the insert is attached at the desired location. "))),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""})," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Our next step was to use protein structure prediction tools HHPred and RaptorX to validate that our chimerical proteins would work as expected.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h9"},"Structure Prediction"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",(e={id:"problem"},Object(T.a)(e,"id","ej16"),Object(T.a)(e,"src",""),e))," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"As is visible in the models, the results shown in HHPred were very promising; the N and C termini were near each other, as is the case in APOL1.",i.a.createElement("img",(a={id:"problem"},Object(T.a)(a,"id","ej17"),Object(T.a)(a,"src",""),a)),i.a.createElement("img",(t={id:"problem"},Object(T.a)(t,"id","ej18"),Object(T.a)(t,"src",""),t))," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Our next steps, we which were unable to perform so far due to Limited lab access due to Covid-19, would be validation for physiological function (i.e. seeing if the chimerical proteins kill trypanosomes).",i.a.createElement("img",(n={id:"problem"},Object(T.a)(n,"id","ej19"),Object(T.a)(n,"src",""),n))))))},G=(t(54),[{name:"h1",content:"Improved Description of Part in the iGEM registry"}]),O=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"contribution"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:G}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Contribution"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Improved Description of Part in the iGEM registry"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("a",{href:"http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K266007"},"http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K266007"),i.a.createElement("br",null),"Additional info from ",i.a.createElement("a",{href:"https://synbiohub.org/public/igem/BBa_K266007/1"},"https://synbiohub.org/public/igem/BBa_K266007/1")," and ",i.a.createElement("a",{href:"https://synbiohub.org/public/igem/BBa_K266007/1"},"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4272683/")," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("strong",null,"Added description:")," ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Widespread quorum sensing (QS) enables communication among bacteria and plays a critical role in bacterial virulence. Lux R/I and Las R/I systems can trigger crosstalk in certain bacteria, trigger biofilm formation, and develop synthetic ecosystems. Gram negative bacteria generally use the LuxI/LuxR type systems mediated by acylated homoserine lactones (AHL). For QS crosstalk, functional interactions between QS components are not naturally paired. LuxI with LasI, as well as LasR with LasI can activate pLux. The QS regulator-autoinducer pairs are not orthogonal, and there is crosstalk between them. Crosstalk is what reveals the principles of bacterial decision making and survival strategies for both natural and synthetic systems."),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}))))},S=(t(55),[{name:"problem",content:"The Problem"},{name:"solution",content:"The Solution"},{name:"tlf",content:"What Does TLF Look Like?"},{name:"kill",content:"How does APOL1 Kill Trypanosomes"}]),Y=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"description"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:S}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{id:"problem",src:""}),i.a.createElement("p",null,"In the tsetse-infested areas, trypanosomiasis reduces the offtake of meat and milk by at least 50%. And by reducing the benefits to farmers from livestock -- less efficient nutrient cycling, less access to animal power, lower income from milk and meat sales, and therefore less access to liquid capital -- trypanosomiasis reduces yields and constrains resources."),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"solution",src:""}),i.a.createElement("p",null,"The inspiration for this project came from research into APOL-1 conducted by Jayne Raper, adjunct professor of microbiology at NYU Langone, and her post-docs, including Russell Thompson."),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"tlf",src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{id:"kill",src:""})))},_=(t(56),function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"abstract"},i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Abstract"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Creating A Chimeric APOL3 protein using CRISPR to cure trypanosomiasis in African Cattle"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},"African trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasitic kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T.b.brucei), significantly threatens the African cattle population. The Trypanosome Lytic Factor Apolipoprotein L-1 (APOL1) is a pore-forming protein known to kill all types of trypanosomes in baboons. While cattle lack APOL1, from the genome-wide BLAST we found cattle APOL3 (c-APOL3) which is the closest homolog of baboon APOL1 (b-APOL1). Sequence alignment analysis showed that c-APOL3 lacked 38 residues in N-terminus and had differences in C-terminus domain. Further, structure prediction analysis via HHPred and RaptorX indicated that the N-terminus might interact with the C-terminus to maximize pore-forming potential in the b-APOL1, though c-APOL3 lacked these interactions. Therefore, chimeric proteins with a combination of N and C-termini from b-APOL1 in native c-APOL3 were designed and investigated for function using bioinformatics. The capability of CRISPR for insertion of chimeric genes into the host genome and physiological functional assays are being performed."))))}),I=(t(57),function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"home"},i.a.createElement("div",{className:"intro"},i.a.createElement("div",{className:"intro-inside"},i.a.createElement("span",{id:"intro-header"},i.a.createElement("span",{id:"header-1"},"A cure for cows"),i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("span",{id:"header-2"},"that's out of this"),i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("span",{id:"header-3"},"world")))),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"bg-wrapper"},i.a.createElement("div",{className:"home-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"The Problem"),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"For many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture is an enormous part of the economy, and livestock in particular are crucial. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, agriculture contributes 32% of Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s GDP, 25% of which is livestock and related products. Cattle are of notable importance; demand for red meat is steadily increasing as Africa\u2019s population grows, and many farmers\u2019 food and financial sustenance are dependent on cattle (directly or indirectly). Cattle are also embedded in the social fabric of the region. One of the most significant impediments to the growth and prosperity of the cattle industry in Sub-Saharan Africa is African Trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma Brucei. Three million cattle are killed per year by the disease, and tens of millions are at risk of infection. Such losses are extremely damaging to farmers who rely on them."))))}),L=(t(58),[{name:"h1",content:"Promo Video"},{name:"h2",content:"Logo and Design"},{name:"h3",content:"Wiki"},{name:"h4",content:"Modeling"},{name:"h5",content:"Human Practices & Outreachs"},{name:"h6",content:"Special Thanks to"},{name:"h7",content:"And Our Sponsers"}]),j=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"attributions"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:L}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Attributions"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Promo Video"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Isabella Ho: Script, Concept, Direction and Puppets",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Justin Lee (sound mixing)",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Voice actors (everyone on the team)",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Tom Jeong (Video Editing)")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Logo and Design"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Bill Park")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"Wiki"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Willis Ng ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Cyrus ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Tom")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"Modeling"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Emily Chervinsky ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Dylan Lane ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Joon ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Yumin ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Tom ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Willis ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Cyrus")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h5"},"Human Practices & Outreachs"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Isabella ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Erica ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Andrew ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Haesung ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Francisco ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Bill")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h6"},"Special Thanks to:"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Andre Watson (CEO of Ligandal) (for modeling instruction and laboratory testing) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Team PI Eli Epstein-Deutsch (for Team Coaching and Script Editing) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Tarjani Agrawal for (Team Coaching) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Ellen Jorgensen (iGEM Consulting) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Frank Muradov (iGEM Consulting) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Nailya Khalikova (Biology and Research instruction and Team Coaching) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Jayne Raper (Contributing Research) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Russel Thompson (Contributing Research)")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h7"},"And our sponsors:"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("p",{className:"section-content"},"Ligandal: for the use of labs and equipment ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Atum (for discount plasmids) ",i.a.createElement("br",null),"Synthego (for discount/expedited guide rna) ",i.a.createElement("br",null)))))},J=(t(59),[{name:"h1",content:"Surveyor genomic cleavage assay"},{name:"h2",content:"Mammalian Expression Plasmids from Atum Bio"},{name:"h3",content:"Agarose gel electrophoresis performed"},{name:"h4",content:"Laboratory Result"}]),R=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"results"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:J}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Results"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Surveyor genomic cleavage assay"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),"Surveyor genomic cleavage assay / agarose gel electrophoresis were performed at Ligandal labs. gnRA + CAS cleaved plasmids in CRISPR-digest agarose electrophoresis gels. Currently designing ssDNA/dsDNA with donor ends for gene insertion in mammalian cells (results tbd).",i.a.createElement("img",{id:"img1",src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Mammalian Expression Plasmids from Atum Bio"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"Agarose gel electrophoresis performed"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""})),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"Laboratory Result"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}))))},x=(t(60),[{name:"h1",content:"Daniel Hughes: GMO Ethical Issues"},{name:"h2",content:"Public Opinion Research"},{name:"h3",content:"Key Finding"},{name:"h4",content:"Regulatory Framework Research"},{name:"h5",content:"Pro-GMO Advocacy"}]),M=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"humanpractices"},i.a.createElement(h,{linkData:x}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"body-content"},i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-title"},"Human Practices"),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h1"},"Daniel Hughes: GMO Ethical Issues"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),"Daniel Hughes, a bioethics and policy researcher from the lab of Jayne Raper, whose research on Trypanosomiasis and APOL-1, gave a zoom lecture to the team.",i.a.createElement("br",null),"He suggested looking carefully at public opinion and regulatory issues surrounding GMO\u2019s, ethical debates, and considering African stakeholders as well as the wider global sentiment in conjunction with the project.",i.a.createElement("br",null),"The team went to work, conducting historical background research, qualitative survey research, and consulting other experts.")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h2"},"Public Opinion Research"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("br",null),"The team conducted a qualitative survey pilot regarding beliefs and perceptions about GMOs. This is intended to be the test of a wider representative survey that could be conducted on a wider population, including stakeholder communities in Africa.",i.a.createElement("br",null),i.a.createElement("a",{href:"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aohW-uVjvvLa9HnjlQCF08wZxd7rkgCWOdS3q7WVS40/edit"},"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1aohW-uVjvvLa9HnjlQCF08wZxd7rkgCWOdS3q7WVS40/edit"))),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h3"},"Key Finding"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),"A key finding: significant numbers were not sure if they would be prevented from consuming GMO meat/dairy but that knowing the GMO would help stop the spread of disease would make them more likely to buy it. This suggests that an educational/awareness campaign about the effects of GMO\u2019s on preventing disease could be effective")),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h4"},"Regulatory Framework Research"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),"The approval of transgenic salmon opens up a precedent for further regulatory progress\u2026.",i.a.createElement("br",null),"But the African landscape is tricky. Only a few Sub-Saharan African countries have an approval process in place for GMO agriculture. The project will need a regulatory/advocacy plan alongside its technology plan.",i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}))),i.a.createElement("section",null,i.a.createElement("h1",{className:"body-header",id:"h5"},"Pro-GMO Advocacy"),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"header-sep"}),i.a.createElement("div",{className:"section-content"},"THE ECONOMIC/HUMAN IMPACT OF INTRODUCING A TRYPANOSOMA - RESISTANT COW WOULD BE SIGNIFICANT",i.a.createElement("img",{src:""}),i.a.createElement("br",null),"But are GMOs Ethical?",i.a.createElement("img",{id:"hum8",src:""})))))},B=function(){return i.a.createElement("div",{className:"app"},i.a.createElement(o.a,null,i.a.createElement(l,null),i.a.createElement(c.c,null,i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Attributions",component:j,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Description",component:Y,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Contribution",component:O,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Engineering",component:A,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Collaborations",component:k,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Implementation",component:v,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Team",component:E,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Human_Practices",component:M,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Journal",component:p,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Abstract",component:_,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/Results",component:R,exact:!0}),i.a.createElement(c.a,{path:"/Team:NYC_Earthians/",component:I,exact:!0})),i.a.createElement(y,null)))};Boolean("localhost"===window.location.hostname||"[::1]"===window.location.hostname||window.location.hostname.match(/^127(?:\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)){3}$/));r.a.render(i.a.createElement(i.a.StrictMode,null,i.a.createElement(B,null)),document.getElementById("root")),"serviceWorker"in navigator&&navigator.serviceWorker.ready.then((function(e){e.unregister()})).catch((function(e){console.error(e.message)}))}]),21,1,2]);