Difference between revisions of "Team:IIT Roorkee/Poster"

Latest revision as of 17:29, 18 December 2020

Pyomancer: Novel Antibacterial Protein Complexes for MDR Infections

Presented by: Team IIT Roorkee

Team: Sanjeevani Marcha¹, Muskaan Bhambri¹, Harkirat Singh Arora¹, Kushagra Rustagi¹, Pradum Kumar¹, Yash Aggrawal¹, Nitish Verma¹, Siddharth FItwe¹, Tishee Natani¹, Kartikey Kansal¹, Kanishk Sugotra¹, Lakshya Jain¹, Mihir Sachdeva¹, Dr Siva Ram Uppalapati², Somok Bhowmik², Professor Naveen K. Navani², Professor Ranjana Pathania³

¹iGEM Student team member

²iGEM Advisor

³iGEM Primary PI

Abstract
Our project is aimed at creating novel antibacterial protein complexes called Seekercins, designed to specifically bind and kill species of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This would be achieved by the fusion of antibacterial proteins called pyocins and bacteriophage tail fibers. Furthermore, it aims to create a system for the easy production of such antimicrobials for the use of the iGEM community, consisting of a collection of parts and software tool. ML algorithms were used to uncover relationships between resistance genes so as to resensitize them to antibiotics. Validation will be done experimentally, targeting the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, and production will be done in E. coli.

Introduction

Hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of death worldwide with 1.4 million active infections every year. In India, the infection rate is alarming and is estimated at about 35-40% of all hospital admissions. With around 49 million cases of COVID-19 so far, the coronavirus pandemic is superimposed on the growing pandemic of drug resistant bacteria. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPs) are one of the most severe comorbidities with ICU mortality rate of 45.6% to 60.9%, reaching 84.3% when caused by XDR A. baumannii.

As a solution, we use pyocins, which are high molecular weight bactericidal protein complexes produced by P. aeruginosa. Pyocins attach to receptors on the bacterial cell wall with tail fibers and penetrate it with the hollow tube, leading to dissipation of membrane potential and subsequent cell death. They have a high killing efficiency but a very narrow host spectrum, and are similar in structure to Myovirus bacteriophages.

Inspiration & Solution

Inspiration

Interviews with doctors and ICU specialists made us realise the necessity for alternative treatments for drug resistant infections in the face of rapid AMR development.

Our key inspiration was TAU Israel’s 2019 iGEM Project, Pyo-Pyo. They illustrated the similarity of pyocins and phages which led us to improve upon their strategy and software in our project. Heightened sensitivity to hygiene during the pandemic allowed us to disseminate WHO’s Global Action Plan against AMR. Nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic inspired us to explore protein modelling, development of software and machine learning tools.

Solution

Our solution is the development of ‘Seekercins’, novel antibacterial protein complexes by engineering of R-type pyocins to target specific drug resistant bacteria. R-type pyocins have a restricted antibacterial spectrum and here we exploit their similarity to phages to effectively retarget them. We made fusion tail fibres which mediate the binding to the receptor from genes of pyocin and phage tail fibers. The gene cluster will be cloned into an E. coli expression vector under an inducible promoter. We plan to purify the Seekercins and perform antimicrobial assays against MDR A. baumannii strains and biochemical characterization.

Engineering

Principles of seekercin design-

All native proteins of the pyocin tail structure including tube, spike, sheath and baseplate must be conserved for proper functioning
The initial 164 N-terminal amino acid residues of the wild-type pyocin tail fiber must be conserved for proper functioning
C-terminal of the fusion tail fiber (originating from the phage-tail) must bind specifically to a surface-accessible receptor(sugar or protein) on the cell wall of the target bacterium

After literature review of existing Acinetobacter baumannii phages, phage AP22 was selected as a suitable candidate for its large lytic spectrum.

Rational design of fusion tail fiber-

Analysis of key domains in AP22 tail fiber (Fig 4) revealed a conserved lectin-fold similar to that of R2-pyocin tail fiber. C-terminal sequence alignment revealed that the last 137 amino acids of AP22 constituting the head and shaft of AP22 tail fiber aligned with the last 134 amino acids of R2 pyocin tail fiber. We replaced the lectin-fold head region of R-pyocin tail fiber with a similar lectin-fold binding domain from A. baumannii specific bacteriophage AP22 tail fiber which naturally targets these bacteria. Models of the fusion tail fiber were verified for integrity.

The gene responsible for the tail fiber from the wild-type pyocin gene cluster, PA0620 has been replaced by the fusion tail fiber. The gene cluster and fusion tail fiber was synthesized by and received from IDT.

As a chassis we chose to produce them in Escherichia coli, strain BL21(DE3).As an expression vector, we chose pET-28 a from Novagen which contains a T7 promoter and lac operator, allowing IPTG-induced protein expression.

Model

We modeled our protein using all the three bioinformatics-based modeling techniques. 11 models obtained through these methods were compared and the best one was chosen.

Used when we have a structurally unknown protein and a structurally similar known protein
Performed using Swiss-Model web server
Got 1 predicted model

Uses protein folds of similar proteins found in different databases to predict the structure of the unknown protein
Performed using I-Tasser web server
Got 5 predicted models

Used when structural information is not available for a similar protein
Performed using Robetta Baker Lab web server
Got 5 predicted models

Parts

BASIC PARTS:
We have introduced two new basic Parts to the iGEM registry as a contribution for us future iGEM teams.

Part: BBa_K3564001 :Gene cluster encoding for R-type pyocin with the tail fiber gene deleted

Part: BBa_K3564002 :Fusion tail fiber of R pyocin tail fiber and Acinetobacter phage AP22 tail fiber

COMPOSITE PARTS:

Part:BBa_K3564102 : Composite of BBa_K3564001 and BBa_K3564002 that expresses a Seekercin, i.e. a pyocin targeted to specifically Bind and kill Acinetobacter baumannii

Characterization for the composite parts would be updated once the experiments planned are completed post-pandemic.

Integrated Human Practices

Dr. Nand Kishore Joshi

The team received insightful facts on the situation of AMR infections inside ICUs during COVID-19.
We got to know that doctors use IL-6 antagonists and immunosuppressants for COVID Regulation.
But they observed that the patient became more susceptible to deadly bacterial infections, which are mostly XDR/MDR inside the ICU, which increased the need for a solution.

Ms. Khushboo Gupta

Our team was intrigued and inspired by the patient's story throughout her battle with MDR Tuberculosis.
We got to know how mental trauma takes a toll on physical health.
We learned that meditation, yoga, a balanced diet, and positive vibes help in speedy recovery.

Dr. Prajwal & Dr. Sebastian Dümcke

The team had interactive discussion sessions with Clemedi (a Life Sciences Start-up) associates.
We learned about protein modeling and got inputs in designing the protein as well.
Our software team got useful insights on applications of Machine Learning in the project.

Collaborations

Team iGEM IIT Roorkee understands the importance of working in the team and for the team. We truly realize the impact of collaborative work projects on any social, technical, or cultural issue. With the same inspiration, we collaborated with competing iGEM teams to help spread their as well as our cause to aware, acknowledge, and educate the population worldwide. We reached out to huge masses and successfully increased the awareness quotient of people to an impressive 35 - 40% extent.

Sustainable Development Goals

OBSERVE. UNDERSTAND. ACT. SUSTAIN.

Establishing peace and prosperity requires efforts from not one but every human being on the planet. With this achieved, we can eradicate all other issues prevalent globally, like poverty, poor health, hunger, inequality, poor usage of resources, deteriorating climatic conditions, injustice, and so on. To create an impact and eradicate the above-said problems, the United Nations (UN) came up with 17 focused SDGs to be achieved by 2030. So playing our part, we have contributed to three of such goals (as mentioned below) through our project Pyomancer.

Target 3.2

Providing a revolutionized treatment for HAIs
Running Awareness program on Social Media

Target 4.5

Educating children, young adults, and the general public about AMR, Synthetic Biology, and Technology

Target 17.16 & 17.17

Collaborations with fellow iGEM teams and college groups
Initiated and participated in iGEM x SDGs Projects

Science Communication & Public Engagement

Webinars
Spreading awareness among children and young adults through interactive webinar sessions and initiating an open dialogue about the multidisciplinary fields.

Surveys
Understanding the real on-ground situation of the hospital environment through surveying medical personnel and gauging the existing knowledge of AMR & basic Sciences of young adults and the general public to level-up the know-how of the issue.

Quiz Competition for the Special Children
Curating learning material for the specially-abled children to learn about the possible post-antibiotic era due to the Antimicrobial Resistance in an engaging way of Quizzing questions.

Machine Learning Workshop
Educating budding researchers about the increasing technological use in medicine through a riveting workshop on “Combating AMR using Machine Learning”.

Social Media
Influencing youth through trending online platforms like Instagram, & facebook; and promoting scientific fraternity and social inclusivity.

Policy Review Report
Getting acquainted with the policies and government schemes to analyse the contribution of governing bodies towards the healthcare industry and the impact that requires undivided attention.

Machine Learning

Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Genes (DARG)

Our machine learning approach called Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Genes abbreviated as DARG involves eight simple steps- beginning with data collection of genomes of different strains of A. baumannii along with their response to different antibiotics, followed by annotating the genomes to develop pan-genome. A particular strain is represented by a binary vector wherein 1 signifies the presence of particular allele and 0 signifying absence of particular allele.
The collected data is passed into an Machine learning algorithm called Support Vector Machines followed by interpretation of SVM. The SVM algorithm is used to compute the weights given to different alleles for predicting response of strains to particular antibiotics.
We perform correlation analysis among top alleles, followed by analysing the impact of mutations on the resistance of different strains.
Machine learning algorithm helps in uncovering genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. Different important genes which are detected are shown in red along with the mechanism they are involved in.

Software

TailScout

We have developed a web application TailScout which generates secondary structure of the Engineered pyocin by taking the name of the target bacterium from the user as Input. We have used the JPred REST API and Clustal Omega REST API on the Django REST framework for the processes.

Classifying broadly it is a three step process:
1. Phage Tail Fiber Detection using the bacteria name and phage tail library.
2. MSA of phage tail fiber sequences for identifying the conserved regions using Clustal Omega.
3. Secondary structure prediction of fusion protein using JPred.
Backend Workflow:

Implementation

We suggest a surfactant-based formulation containing a mixture of fusion proteins to be used for endotracheal and endobronchial administration for the treatment of Ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased stay and mortality in the intensive care unit ( ICU) with an estimated 30 % rise in underlying disease mortality.

Current strategy is the only way to deal with acquired infections is to monitor the spread of infections by administering antibiotics. Once the disorder is diagnosed, subsequent antibiotics are administered to the sites of infections, i.e. alveoli and trachea lining, and we have findings for the infection microbial profiles.

We plan to use a surfactant to improve the delivery of the medication and achieve a more homogeneous distribution of the drug by using the rapid installation of the bolus in conjunction with suitable alveolar recruitment techniques. It will require the administration of a carefully formulated formulation according to each infection's microbial diagnosis. By having a unique seekercin for various organisms, we aim to keep our therapy specific and targeted, thereby preventing any collateral damage and reducing the spectrum of production of resistance.

Surfactant consists of 80-85 % phospholipids, 5-10 % neutral lipids, and 8-10 % protein, with 5-6 % of the four specific proteins of surfactant. Broadly, the formulation has the following structure:

Mucolytics: Carbocisteine, Erdosteine.	Bronchodilators:Beta-2 agonists, Anticholinergics, Theophylline
Seekercin A	di-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
Seekercin B	Phosphatidylglycerol
Seekercin C	Phosphatidylinositol

By instilling a particular microvolume of liquid into the upper airways and moving the plug by programmed air ventilation into the desired region of the lung, the aqueous liquid containing soluble drugs can be delivered into targeted branches of the lung airway and deposited onto the lung epithelium .

We researched and decided on delivery of pyocins through nebulizers however, in India there is a disproportionately large problem with VAPs in the Newborn Intensive Care Units.
(NICU) (60k+ deaths per year).

On seeking an expert opinion from a Doctor (NICU/VAP specialist), he pointed out that neonates, especially preterm, have underdeveloped lungs that are too delicate for effective nebulizer based treatment.

A big drawback of nebulizer therapy is its poor efficiency of delivery, much of the dose is lost in the ETT (mist deposition on the walls, medicine does not get misty well, etc.). Drug loss is no longer a concern when administering the bolus dose, since the substance itself is injected into the lungs, taking the drug with it.

As observed in in-vivo studies, our rapid and efficient delivery of bolus-injected surfactant solutions containing surfactant-associated proteins such as SP-A to the alveoli shows a strong precedent for delivery of Seekercin is also more likely to ensure the delivery of high doses (10 ^ 12 pyocins per ml) needed for successful treatment. The dose will easily enter the alveoli, and it is predicted that changes will be observed within seconds to minutes.

Future Direction

We would complete the planned experiments in time for next year’s iGEM competition as Phase 2 of our project
As Seekercins are protein-based therapeutics, an attempt to reduce their immunogenicity by eliminating relevant epitopes could be made
It is clear from the literature that the number of sequenced phages for pathogenic bacteria are still relatively small. This calls for the need for more extensive isolation, characterizing and sequencing of phages.
Following positive results in cell line based assays, in-vivo studies in murine or Caenorhabditis models could be done
Comparison of efficacy of Seekercin formulations with various additives in cell line and in-vivo lung infection studies
Studies on efficacy and dosage requirements in multi-Seekercin cocktails for broader strain spectrum.
Increasing the numbers of Multiple Drug-Resistant Bacteria in our phage library.
Incorporating protein modelling of the pyocin bacteriophage fusion protein in features offered by TailScout
Result Analysis of Secondary and Tertiary structure of the fusion protein can also be incorporated into TailScout.
Improving the result and job status retrieval process of TailScout.

Results

Wet Lab

Initial experiments were performed in March but had to be aborted due to the pandemic and closing of our institute. We have laid out contingency plans for multiple scenarios based on the expected results of our wet lab experiments.

Dry Lab

Root Mean Square Deviation
Calculated and compared the RMSD of each fusion-protein model with:

The R2-NTF tail fibre protein
The AP-22 bacteriophage tail fibre protein

Ramachandran Plot

Gives information about the energetically allowed and disallowed regions in the protein
Prepared and compared plots for 6 models

Model/Data	RMSD with lower part (4mtm)	RMSD with upper part (6cu2)	Residues in disallowed regions	Residues in favoured regions
Ab-initio Model 1	0.435	2.648	0%	89.2%
Ab-initio Model 2	0.419	6.264	0%	87.8%
Ab-initio Model 3	0.375	2.335	0%	86.1%
Ab-initio Model 4	0.475	4.024	0.2%	86%
Ab-initio Model 5	0.427	4.631	0	89.4%
Swiss Model	4.666	1.527	0.3%	88.1%

Best Model → Ab-initio Model 1

After choosing the best model, we performed energy minimization for it to ensure the most stable state
We used YASARA Energy Minimization Toolkit for this

References and Acknowledgements

References:

https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/acinetobacter.html
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/42/5/692/2052763
https://2019.igem.org/Team:TAU_Israel
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5411516_Retargeting_R-Type_Pyocins_To_Generate_Novel_Bactericidal_Protein_Complexes
https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-major-cause-of-death-within-icu-in-india-119091400987_1.html
https://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=504;epage=510;aulast=Khurana
https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200415/ventilators-helping-or-harming-covid-19-patients#1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059826/
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/5/1034
Scholl, D., Cooley, M., Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin, D., Bates, A. and Mandrell, R., 2009. An engineered R-type pyocin is a highly specific and sensitive bactericidal agent for the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 53(7), pp.3074-3080.
Scholl, D. and Martin, D.W., 2008. Antibacterial efficacy of R-type pyocins towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine peritonitis model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 52(5), pp.1647-1652.
Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin, D.W. and Scholl, D., 2008. Retargeting R-type pyocins to generate novel bactericidal protein complexes. Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(12), pp.3868-3876.
Scholl, D., Gebhart, D., Williams, S.R., Bates, A. and Mandrell, R., 2012. Genome sequence of E. coli O104: H4 leads to rapid development of a targeted antimicrobial agent against this emerging pathogen. PLoS One, 7(3), p.e33637.

Acknowledgements:

Difference between revisions of "Team:IIT Roorkee/Poster"

Latest revision as of 17:29, 18 December 2020

Presented by: Team IIT Roorkee

¹iGEM Student team member

²iGEM Advisor

³iGEM Primary PI

Inspiration

Solution

Wet Lab

Dry Lab

Darshak Bhatt, Mentor

Vivek Junghare

Student Technical Council, IIT Roorkee

Director IIT Roorkee

Dean SRIC IIT Roorkee

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-                <div class="title">Pyomancer: Novel Antibacterial Protein Complexes for MDR Infections</div>
+                Pyomancer: Novel Antibacterial Protein Complexes for MDR
-                <div class="text">
+                Infections
-                  <h5>Presented by: Team IIT Roorkee</h5>
+              </div>
-                  Our project is aimed at creating novel antibacterial protein complexes called
+              <div class="text">
-                  Seekercins, designed to specifically bind and kill species of multidrug-resistant
+                <h5>Presented by: Team IIT Roorkee</h5>
-                  bacteria. This would be achieved by the fusion of antibacterial proteins called
+                <br/>
-                  pyocins and bacteriophage tail fibers. Furthermore, it aims to create a system
+                Team: Sanjeevani Marcha<sup>1</sup>, Muskaan
-                  for the easy production of such antimicrobials for the use of the iGEM community,
+                Bhambri<sup>1</sup>, Harkirat Singh Arora<sup>1</sup>, Kushagra
-                  consisting of a collection of parts and software tool. ML algorithms were used to
+                Rustagi<sup>1</sup>, Pradum Kumar<sup>1</sup>, Yash
-                  uncover relationships between resistance genes so as to resensitize them to antibiotics.
+                Aggrawal<sup>1</sup>, Nitish Verma<sup>1</sup>, Siddharth
-                  Validation will be done experimentally, targeting the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii,
+                FItwe<sup>1</sup>, Tishee Natani<sup>1</sup>, Kartikey
-                  and production will be done in E. coli.
+                Kansal<sup>1</sup>, Kanishk Sugotra<sup>1</sup>, Lakshya
-                  <br/><br/>
+                Jain<sup>1</sup>, Mihir Sachdeva<sup>1</sup>, Dr Siva Ram
-                  Team: Sanjeevani Marcha, Muskaan Bhambri, Harkirat Singh Arora, Kushagra Rustagi,
+                Uppalapati<sup>2</sup>, Somok Bhowmik<sup>2</sup>, Professor
-                  Pradum Kumar, Yash Aggrawal, Nitish Verma, Siddharth FItwe, Tishee Natani,
+                Naveen K. Navani<sup>2</sup>, Professor Ranjana Pathania<sup>3</sup>
-                  Kartikey Kansal, Kanishk Sugotra, Lakshya  Jain, Mihir Sachdeva.
+                <br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <h4><sup>1</sup>iGEM Student team member</h4>
-                  PI: Prof. Ranjana Pathania, Department of Biotechnology IITR.
+                <h4><sup>2</sup>iGEM Advisor</h4>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <h4><sup>3</sup>iGEM Primary PI</h4>
-                  Faculty Advisor: Prof. Naveen K. Navani, Department of Biotechnology IITR.
+                <br/><br/>
-                </div>
+                <b>Abstract</b>
+                <br/>
+                Our project is aimed at creating novel antibacterial protein
+                complexes called Seekercins, designed to specifically bind and
+                kill species of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This would be
+                achieved by the fusion of antibacterial proteins called pyocins
+                and bacteriophage tail fibers. Furthermore, it aims to create a
+                system for the easy production of such antimicrobials for the
+                use of the iGEM community, consisting of a collection of parts
+                and software tool. ML algorithms were used to uncover
+                relationships between resistance genes so as to resensitize them
+                to antibiotics. Validation will be done experimentally,
+                targeting the pathogen <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, and
+                production will be done in <i>E. coli.</i> <br/><br/>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
+        </div>
-          <div class="row">
+        <div class="row">
-            <div class="section full" id="introduction">
+          <div class="section full" id="introduction">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/39/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Intro.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/39/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Intro.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Introduction</div>
+              <div class="title">Introduction</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  Hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of death worldwide with 1.4
+                Hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of death
-                  million active infections every year. In India, the infection rate is alarming
+                worldwide with 1.4 million active infections every year. In
-                  and is estimated at about 35-40% of all hospital admissions. With around 49
+                India, the infection rate is alarming and is estimated at about
-                  million cases of COVID-19 so far, the coronavirus pandemic is superimposed on
+-40% of all hospital admissions. With around 49 million cases
-                  the growing pandemic of drug resistant bacteria. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
+                of COVID-19 so far, the coronavirus pandemic is superimposed on
-                  (VAPs) are one of the most severe comorbidities with ICU mortality rate of <b>45.6%
+                the growing pandemic of drug resistant bacteria.
-                  to 60.9%</b>, reaching <b>84.3%</b> when caused by <b>XDR <i>A. baumannii</i></b>.
+                Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPs) are one of the most
-                  <br/><br/>
+                severe comorbidities with ICU mortality rate of
-                  As a In our solution, we use pyocins, which are high molecular weight bactericidal
+                <b>45.6% to 60.9%</b>, reaching <b>84.3%</b> when caused by
-                  protein complexes produced by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Pyocins attach to receptors on the
+                <b>XDR <i>A. baumannii</i></b>. <br/><br/>
-                  bacterial cell wall with tail fibers and penetrate it with the hollow tube,
+                As a solution, we use pyocins, which are high molecular
-                  leading to dissipation of membrane potential and subsequent cell death. They
+                weight bactericidal protein complexes produced by
-                  have a high killing efficiency but a very narrow host spectrum, and are similar
+                <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Pyocins attach to receptors on the
-                  in structure to Myovirus bacteriophages.
+                bacterial cell wall with tail fibers and penetrate it with the
-                  <br/><br/>
+                hollow tube, leading to dissipation of membrane potential and
-                  <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/21/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_intro1.png"/>
+                subsequent cell death. They have a high killing efficiency but a
-                </div>
+                very narrow host spectrum, and are similar in structure to
+                Myovirus bacteriophages. <br/><br/>
+                <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/21/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_intro1.png"/>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
+        </div>
-          <div class="row">
+        <div class="row">
-            <div class="section half" id="inspiration-and-solution">
+          <div class="section half" id="inspiration-and-solution">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/9f/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Inspiration_and_Sol..png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/9f/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Inspiration_and_Sol..png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Inspiration &amp; Solution</div>
+              <div class="title">Inspiration &amp; Solution</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  <h3>Inspiration</h3>
+                <h3>Inspiration</h3>
-                  Interviews with doctors and ICU specialists made us realise it clear the
+                Interviews with doctors and ICU specialists made us realise
-                  necessity for alternative treatments for drug resistant infections in the
+                the necessity for alternative treatments for drug
-                  face of rapid AMR development.
+                resistant infections in the face of rapid AMR development.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                  Our key inspiration was TAU Israel’s 2019 iGEM Project, Pyo-Pyo. They
+                Our key inspiration was TAU Israel’s 2019 iGEM Project, Pyo-Pyo.
-                  illustrated the similarity of pyocins and phages which led us to improve
+                They illustrated the similarity of pyocins and phages which led
-                  upon their strategy and software in our project. Heightened sensitivity to
+                us to improve upon their strategy and software in our project.
-                  hygiene during the pandemic allowed us to disseminate WHO’s Global Action
+                Heightened sensitivity to hygiene during the pandemic allowed us
-                  Plan against AMR. Nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic inspired
+                to disseminate WHO’s Global Action Plan against AMR. Nationwide
-                  us to explore protein modelling, development of software and machine
+                lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic inspired us to explore
-                  learning tools.
+                protein modelling, development of software and machine learning
+                tools.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                  <h3>Solution</h3>
+                <h3>Solution</h3>
-                  Our solution is the development of ‘Seekercins’, novel antibacterial protein
+                Our solution is the development of ‘Seekercins’, novel
-                  complexes by engineering of R-type pyocins to target specific drug resistant
+                antibacterial protein complexes by engineering of R-type pyocins
-                  bacteria. R-type pyocins have a restricted antibacterial spectrum and here
+                to target specific drug resistant bacteria. R-type pyocins have
-                  we exploit their similarity to phages to effectively retarget them. We made
+                a restricted antibacterial spectrum and here we exploit their
-                  fusion tail fibres which mediate the binding to the receptor from genes
+                similarity to phages to effectively retarget them. We made
-                  of pyocin and phage tail fibers. The gene cluster will be cloned into an
+                fusion tail fibres which mediate the binding to the receptor
-                  <i>E. coli</i> expression vector under an inducible promoter. We plan to purify
+                from genes of pyocin and phage tail fibers. The gene cluster
-                  the Seekercins and perform antimicrobial assays against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i>
+                will be cloned into an
-                  strains and biochemical characterization.
+                <i>E. coli</i> expression vector under an inducible promoter. We
-                  <br/><br/>
+                plan to purify the Seekercins and perform antimicrobial assays
-                  <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/56/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_inspiration_solution_1.png"/>
+                against MDR <i>A. baumannii</i>
-                </div>
+                strains and biochemical characterization.
+                <br/><br/>
+                <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/56/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_inspiration_solution_1.png"/>
                </div>
              </div>
+          </div>
-            <div class="section half" id="engineering">
+          <div class="section half" id="engineering">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/9c/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Engineering.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/9c/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Engineering.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Engineering</div>
+              <div class="title">Engineering</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  Principles of seekercin design-
+                Principles of seekercin design-
-                  <ol class="wiki-ol">
+                <ol class="wiki-ol">
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                      All native proteins of the pyocin tail structure including tube, spike,
+                    All native proteins of the pyocin tail structure including
-                      sheath and baseplate must be conserved for proper functioning
+                    tube, spike, sheath and baseplate must be conserved for
-                    </li>
+                    proper functioning
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
+                  </li>
-                      The initial 164 N-terminal amino acid residues of the wild-type pyocin
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                      tail fiber must be conserved for proper functioning
+                    The initial 164 N-terminal amino acid residues of the
-                     </li>
+                    wild-type pyocin tail fiber must be conserved for proper
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
+                     functioning
-                      C-terminal of the fusion tail fiber (originating from the phage-tail)
+                  </li>
-                      must bind specifically to a surface-accessible receptor(sugar or protein)
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                      on the cell wall of the target bacterium
+                    C-terminal of the fusion tail fiber (originating from the
-                    </li>
+                    phage-tail) must bind specifically to a surface-accessible
-                  </ol>
+                    receptor(sugar or protein) on the cell wall of the target
+                    bacterium
-                  <br/><br/>
+                  </li>
+                </ol>
-                  After literature review of existing Acinetobacter baumannii phages, phage
+                <br/><br/>
-                  AP22 was selected as a suitable candidate for its large lytic spectrum.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                After literature review of existing
+                <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
+                phages, phage AP22 was selected as a suitable candidate for its
+                large lytic spectrum.
-                  Rational design of fusion tail fiber-
+                <br/><br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                Rational design of fusion tail fiber-
-                  Analysis of key domains in AP22 tail fiber (Fig 4) revealed a conserved
+                <br/><br/>
-                  lectin-fold similar to that of R2-pyocin tail fiber.  C-terminal  sequence
-                  alignment revealed that the last 137 amino acids of AP22 constituting the
-                  head and shaft of AP22 tail fiber aligned with the last 134 amino acids
-                  of R2 pyocin tail fiber. We replaced the lectin-fold head region of R-pyocin
-                  tail fiber with a similar lectin-fold binding domain from A. baumannii
-                  specific bacteriophage AP22 tail fiber which naturally targets these
-                  bacteria. Models of the fusion tail fiber were verified for integrity.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                Analysis of key domains in AP22 tail fiber (Fig 4) revealed a
-                  <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/58/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_engineering1.png"/>
+                conserved lectin-fold similar to that of R2-pyocin tail fiber.
+                C-terminal sequence alignment revealed that the last 137 amino
+                acids of AP22 constituting the head and shaft of AP22 tail fiber
+                aligned with the last 134 amino acids of R2 pyocin tail fiber.
+                We replaced the lectin-fold head region of R-pyocin tail fiber
+                with a similar lectin-fold binding domain from
+                <i>A. baumannii</i>
+                specific bacteriophage AP22 tail fiber which naturally targets
+                these bacteria. Models of the fusion tail fiber were verified
+                for integrity.
-                    <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                  The gene responsible for the tail fiber from the wild-type pyocin gene
+                <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/58/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_engineering1.png"/>
-                  cluster, PA0620 has been replaced by the fusion tail fiber. The gene
-                  cluster and fusion tail fiber was synthesized by and received from IDT.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
+                The gene responsible for the tail fiber from the wild-type
+                pyocin gene cluster, PA0620 has been replaced by the fusion tail
+                fiber. The gene cluster and fusion tail fiber was synthesized by
+                and received from IDT.
-                  <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/83/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_engineering2.png"/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                    <br/><br/>
+                <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/83/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_engineering2.png"/>
-                  As a chassis we chose to produce them in <i>Escherichia coli</i>,
+                <br/><br/>
-                  specifically strain BL21(DE3).As an expression vector, we chose
-                  pET-28 a from Novagen which contains a T7 promoter and lac
-                  operator, allowing IPTG-controllableinduced protein expression.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                As a chassis we chose to produce them in
+                <i>Escherichia coli</i>, strain BL21(DE3).As an
+                expression vector, we chose pET-28 a from Novagen which contains
+                a T7 promoter and <i>lac operator</i>, allowing
+                IPTG-induced protein expression.
-                  <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/63/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_engineering3.png"/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                    <br/><br/>
+                <img class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/63/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_engineering3.png"/>
+                <br/><br/>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
+        </div>
-          <div class="row">
+        <div class="row">
-            <div class="section two_thirds" id="model">
+          <div class="section two_thirds" id="model">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/59/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Model.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/59/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Model.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Model</div>
+              <div class="title">Model</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  We modeled our protein using all the three bioinformatics-based modeling techniques.
+                We modeled our protein using all the three bioinformatics-based
-models obtained through these methods were compared and the best one was chosen.
+                modeling techniques. 11 models obtained through these methods
+                were compared and the best one was chosen.
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                  <div class="row">
+                <div class="flex-row">
-                    <div class="section quarter">
+                  <div class="img-third">
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/17/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model_1.jpg"/>
+                    <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/17/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model_1.jpg"/>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="section three_quarters">
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Used when we have a structurally unknown protein and a structurally similar known protein
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Performed using Swiss-Model web server
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Got 1 predicted model
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
                    </div>
-                   <div class="row">
+                   <div class="">
-                     <div class="section quarter">
+                     <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f9/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model2.jpg"/>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                    </div>
+                        Used when we have a structurally unknown protein and a
-                    <div class="section three_quarters">
+                         structurally similar known protein
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Uses protein folds of similar proteins found in different databases to predict the structure of the unknown protein
+                        Performed using Swiss-Model web server
+                      </li>
-                         </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">Got 1 predicted model</li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                    </ul>
-                          Performed using I-Tasser web server
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Got 5 predicted models
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
                    </div>
-                  <div class="row">
+                </div>
-                     <div class="section quarter">
+                <br/><br/>
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/2a/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model3.jpg"/>
+                <div class="flex-row">
-                    </div>
+                  <div class="img-third">
-                    <div class="section three_quarters">
+                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f9/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model2.jpg"/>
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                  </div>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                  <div class="">
-                          Used when structural information is not available for a similar protein
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                       <li class="wiki-li">
-                        </li>
+                        Uses protein folds of similar proteins found in
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                        different databases to predict the structure of the
-                          Performed using Robetta Baker Lab web server
+                        unknown protein
+                      </li>
-                        </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Performed using I-Tasser web server
-                          Got 5 predicted models
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">Got 5 predicted models</li>
-                        </li>
+                    </ul>
-                      </ul>
+                  </div>
-                    </div>
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <div class="flex-row">
+                  <div class="img-third">
+                    <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/2a/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_model3.jpg"/>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="">
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Used when structural information is not available for a
+                        similar protein
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Performed using Robetta Baker Lab web server
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">Got 5 predicted models</li>
+                    </ul>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
+          </div>
-            <div class="section third" id="parts">
+          <div class="section third" id="parts">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Parts.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Parts.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Parts</div>
+              <div class="title">Parts</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  <b>BASIC PARTS:</b>
+                <b>BASIC PARTS:</b>
-                  <br/>
+                <br/>
-                  We have introduced two new basic Parts to the iGEM registry as a contribution for us ebay future iGEM teams.
+                We have introduced two new basic Parts to the iGEM registry as a
+                contribution for us future iGEM teams.
-                  <br/>
+                <br/>
-                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_Parts_1.png"/>
+                <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_Parts_1.png"/>
-                  <br/>
+                <br/>
-                  <p>
+                <p>
-                    <b>Part: BBa_K3564001 :</b>Gene cluster encoding for R-type pyocin with the tail fiber gene deleted
+                  <b>Part: BBa_K3564001 :</b>Gene cluster encoding for R-type
-                  </p>
+                  pyocin with the tail fiber gene deleted
-                  <p>
+                </p>
-                    <b>Part: BBa_K3564002 :</b>Fusion tail fiber of R pyocin tail fiber and Acinetobacter phage AP22 tail fiber
+                <p>
-                  </p>
+                  <b>Part: BBa_K3564002 :</b>Fusion tail fiber of R pyocin tail
+                  fiber and Acinetobacter phage AP22 tail fiber
-                  <br/>
+                </p>
-                  <b>BASIC PARTS:</b>
+                <br/>
-                  <br/>
-                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/32/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Parts_2.png"/>
+                <b>COMPOSITE PARTS:</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Part:BBa_K3564102 : Composite of BBa_K3564001 and BBa_K3564002 that expresses a Seekercin, i.e. a pyocin targeted to specifically Bind and kill Acinetobacter baumannii
+                <br/>
-                  <br/>
-                  Characterization for the composite parts would be updated once the experiments planned are completed post-pandemic.
+                <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/32/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Parts_2.png"/>
-                </div>
+                <br/>
+                Part:BBa_K3564102 : Composite of BBa_K3564001 and BBa_K3564002
+                that expresses a Seekercin, i.e. a pyocin targeted to
+                specifically Bind and kill <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
+                <br/><br/>
+                Characterization for the composite parts would be updated once
+                the experiments planned are completed post-pandemic.
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
+        </div>
-          <div class="row">
+        <div class="row">
-              <div class="section half" id="ihp">
+          <div class="section half" id="ihp">
-                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e1/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--IHP.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e1/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--IHP.png"/>
-                <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                  <div class="title">Integrated Human Practices</div>
+              <div class="title">Integrated Human Practices</div>
-                  <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  <div class="row">
+                <div class="flex-row">
-                    <div class="section third">
+                  <div class="img-third">
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/29/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_1.png"/>
+                    <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/29/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_1.png"/>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="section two_thirds">
-                      <p><b>
-                        Dr. Nand Kishore Joshi
-                      </b></p>
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          The team received insightful facts on the situation of AMR infections inside ICUs during CoVID-19.
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          We got to know that doctors use IL-6 antagonists and immunosuppressants for CoVID Regulation.
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          But they observed that the patient became more susceptible to deadly bacterial infections, which are mostly XDR/MDR inside the ICU, which increased the need for a solution.
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
                    </div>
-                   <div class="row">
+                   <div class="">
-                     <div class="section third">
+                     <p><b> Dr. Nand Kishore Joshi </b></p>
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/7/7d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_2.png"/>
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                    </div>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                    <div class="section two_thirds">
+                        The team received insightful facts on the situation of
-                      <p><b>
+                        AMR infections inside ICUs during COVID-19.
-                        Ms. Khushboo Gupta
+                      </li>
-                      </b></p>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                        We got to know that doctors use IL-6 antagonists and
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                        immunosuppressants for COVID Regulation.
-                          Our team was intrigued and inspired by the patient's story throughout her battle with MDR Tuberculosis.
+                      </li>
-                        </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                        But they observed that the patient became more
-                          We got to know how mental trauma takes a toll on physical health.
+                        susceptible to deadly bacterial infections, which are
-                        </li>
+                        mostly XDR/MDR inside the ICU, which increased the need
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                        for a solution.
-                          We learned that meditation, yoga, a balanced diet, and positive vibes help in speedy recovery.
+                      </li>
-                        </li>
+                    </ul>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
                    </div>
-                  <div class="row">
+                </div>
-                    <div class="section third">
+                <br/><br/><br/>
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/2d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_3.png"/>
+                <div class="flex-row">
-                    </div>
+                  <div class="img-third">
-                    <div class="section two_thirds">
+                    <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/7/7d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_2.png"/>
-                      <p><b>
-                        Dr. Prajwal &amp; Dr. Sebastian Dümcke
-                      </b></p>
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          The team had interactive discussion sessions with Clemedi (a Life Sciences Start-up) associates.
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          We learned about protein modeling and got inputs in designing the protein as well.
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Our software team got useful insights on applications of Machine Learning in the project.
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
                    </div>
+                  <div class="">
+                    <p><b> Ms. Khushboo Gupta </b></p>
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Our team was intrigued and inspired by the patient's
+                        story throughout her battle with MDR Tuberculosis.
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        We got to know how mental trauma takes a toll on
+                        physical health.
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        We learned that meditation, yoga, a balanced diet, and
+                        positive vibes help in speedy recovery.
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
                    </div>
                  </div>
-              </div>
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                 <div class="flex-row">
-              <div class="section half" id="collabs">
+                   <div class="img-third">
-                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/fb/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Collab.png"/>
+                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/2d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_IHP_3.png"/>
+                  </div>
-                 <div class="info">
+                  <div class="">
-                   <div class="title">Collaborations</div>
+                    <p><b> Dr. Prajwal &amp; Dr. Sebastian Dümcke </b></p>
-                  <div class="text">
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                     Team iGEM IIT Roorkee understands the importance of working in the team and for the team. We truly realize the impact of collaborative work projects on any social, technical, or cultural issue. With the same inspiration, we collaborated with competing iGEM teams to help spread their as well as our cause to aware, acknowledge, and educate the population worldwide. We reached out to huge masses and successfully increased the awareness quotient of people to an impressive 35 - 40% extent.
+                       <li class="wiki-li">
-                    <div class="sponsor-images" style="display: flex; flex-flow: wrap;">
+                        The team had interactive discussion sessions with
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/3e/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab1.PNG"/>
+                        Clemedi (a Life Sciences Start-up) associates.
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab2.png"/>
+                      </li>
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/56/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab3.png"/>
+                       <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/24/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab4.png"/>
+                        We learned about protein modeling and got inputs in
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c5/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab5.png"/>
+                        designing the protein as well.
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/21/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab6.png"/>
+                       </li>
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/fc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab7.png"/>
+                       <li class="wiki-li">
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/4/42/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab8.png"/>
+                        Our software team got useful insights on applications of
-                       <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/0a/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab9.png"/>
+                        Machine Learning in the project.
-                     </div>
+                       </li>
+                     </ul>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
+            </div>
            </div>
-           <div class="row">
+           <div class="section half" id="collabs">
-            <div class="section third" id="sdg">
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/fb/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Collab.png"/>
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/07/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--SDG.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Sustainable Development Goals</div>
+              <div class="title">Collaborations</div>
-                <div class="text" style="text-align: center;">
+              <div class="text">
-                  <b>
+                Team iGEM IIT Roorkee understands the importance of working in
-                    OBSERVE. UNDERSTAND. ACT. SUSTAIN.
+                the team and for the team. We truly realize the impact of
-                  </b>
+                collaborative work projects on any social, technical, or
-                  <br/><br/>
+                cultural issue. With the same inspiration, we collaborated with
-                  Establishing peace and prosperity requires efforts from not one but every human being on the planet. With this achieved, we can eradicate all other issues prevalent globally, like poverty, poor health, hunger, inequality, poor usage of resources, deteriorating climatic conditions, injustice, and so on. To create an impact and eradicate the above-said problems, the United Nations (UN) came up with 17 focused SDGs to be achieved by 2030. So playing our part, we have contributed to three of such goals (as mentioned below) through our project Pyomancer.
+                competing iGEM teams to help spread their as well as our cause
-                  <div class="sponsor-images" style="text-align: center;">
+                to aware, acknowledge, and educate the population worldwide. We
-                    <div class="section third">
+                reached out to huge masses and successfully increased the
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/0d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG1.png"/>
+                awareness quotient of people to an impressive 35 - 40% extent.
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                <div class="collab-images">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/3e/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab1.PNG"/>
-                          Providing a revolutionized treatment for HAIs
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab2.png"/>
-                        </li>
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/5/56/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab3.png"/>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/24/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab4.png"/>
-                          Running Awareness program on Social Media
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c5/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab5.png"/>
-                        </li>
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/21/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab6.png"/>
-                      </ul>
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/fc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab7.png"/>
-                    </div>
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/4/42/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab8.png"/>
-                    <div class="section third">
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/0a/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_Collab9.png"/>
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c8/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG2.jpg"/>
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Educating children, young adults, and the general public about AMR, Synthetic Biology, and Technology
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="section third">
-                      <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG3.png"/>
-                      <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Collaborations with fellow iGEM teams and college groups
-                        </li>
-                        <li class="wiki-li">
-                          Initiated and participated in iGEM x SDGs Projects
-                        </li>
-                      </ul>
-                    </div>
-                  </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
-            <div class="section two_thirds" id="science_comm">
+        <div class="row">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/91/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Science_Comm.png"/>
+          <div class="section third" id="sdg">
-              <div class="info">
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/07/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--SDG.png"/>
-                <div class="title">Science Communication &amp; Public Engagement</div>
+            <div class="info">
-                 <div class="text">
+              <div class="title">Sustainable Development Goals</div>
-                   <div class="sponsor-images">
+              <div class="text" style="text-align: center">
-                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/31/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_SC_PE_1.png"/>
+                <b> OBSERVE. UNDERSTAND. ACT. SUSTAIN. </b>
-                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/29/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_SC_PE_2.png"/>
+                <br/><br/>
-                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/bf/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_SC_PE_3.png"/>
+                Establishing peace and prosperity requires efforts from not one
-                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/64/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_SC_PE_4.png"/>
+                but every human being on the planet. With this achieved, we can
+                eradicate all other issues prevalent globally, like poverty,
+                poor health, hunger, inequality, poor usage of resources,
+                deteriorating climatic conditions, injustice, and so on. To
+                create an impact and eradicate the above-said problems, the
+                United Nations (UN) came up with 17 focused SDGs to be achieved
+                by 2030. So playing our part, we have contributed to three of
+                such goals (as mentioned below) through our project Pyomancer.
+                <br/><br/>
+                 <div class="flex-row" style="text-align: center">
+                   <div class="row-third">
+                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/0d/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG1.png"/>
+                     <br/>
+                    <b>Target 3.2</b>
+                    <br/>
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Providing a revolutionized treatment for HAIs
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Running Awareness program on Social Media
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="row-third">
+                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG3.png"/>
+                    <br/>
+                    <b>Target 4.5</b>
+                    <br/>
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Educating children, young adults, and the general public
+                        about AMR, Synthetic Biology, and Technology
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="row-third">
+                     <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/c8/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--SDG2.jpg"/>
+                    <br/>
+                    <b>Target 17.16 &amp; 17.17</b>
+                    <br/>
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Collaborations with fellow iGEM teams and college groups
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        Initiated and participated in iGEM x SDGs Projects
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
                    </div>
-                  <br/><br/>
-                  <b>Webinars</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Spreading awareness among children and young adults through interactive webinar sessions and initiating an open dialogue about the multidisciplinary fields.
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <b>Surveys</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Understanding the real on-ground situation of the hospital environment through surveying medical personnel and gauging the existing knowledge of AMR &amp; basic Sciences of young adults and the general public to level-up the know-how of the issue.
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <b>Quiz Competition for the Special Children</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Curating learning material for the specially-abled children to learn about the possible post-antibiotic era due to the Antimicrobial Resistance in an engaging way of Quizzing questions.
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <b>Machine Learning Workshop</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Educating budding researchers about the increasing technological use in medicine through a riveting workshop on “Combating AMR using Machine Learning”.
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <b>Social Media</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Influencing youth through trending online platforms like Instagram, &amp; facebook; and promoting scientific fraternity and social inclusivity.
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <b>Policy Review Report</b>
-                  <br/>
-                  Getting acquainted with the policies and government schemes to analyse the contribution of governing bodies towards the healthcare industry and the impact that requires undivided attention.
                  </div>
                </div>
@@ Line 495: / Line 624: @@
            </div>
-           <div class="row">
+           <div class="section two_thirds" id="science_comm">
-            <div class="section half" id="ml">
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/9/91/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Science_Comm.png"/>
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/16/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--ML.png"/>
+            <div class="info">
-              <div class="info">
+              <div class="title">Science Communication &amp; Public Engagement</div>
-                <div class="title">Machine Learning</div>
+              <div class="text">
-                <div class="text">
+                <div class="sponsor-images">
-                  <p><b>
+                   <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/31/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_SC_PE_1.png"/>
-                    Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Genes (DARG)
+                  <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/2/29/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_SC_PE_2.png"/>
-                  </b></p>
+                   <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/bf/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_SC_PE_3.png"/>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                   <img alt="" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/64/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--Poster_SC_PE_4.png"/>
-                   <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/a/af/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_ML_1.png"/>
-                   <br/>
-                  Our machine learning approach called Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Genes abbreviated as DARG involves eight simple steps- beginning with data collection of genomes of different strains of <i>A. baumannii</i> along with their response to different antibiotics, followed by annotating the genomes to develop pan-genome. A particular strain is represented by a binary vector wherein 1 signifies the presence of particular allele and 0 signifying absence of particular allele.
-                  <br/>
-                  The collected data is passed into an Machine learning algorithm called Support Vector Machines followed by interpretation of SVM. The SVM algorithm is used to compute the weights given to different alleles for predicting response of strains to particular antibiotics.
-                  <br/>
-                  We perform correlation analysis among top alleles, followed by analysing the impact of mutations on the resistance of different strains.
-                  <br/>
-                  Machine learning algorithm helps in uncovering genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. Different important genes which are detected are shown in red along with the mechanism they are involved in.
-                  <br/>
-                   <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e2/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_ML_2.png"/>
-                  <br/>
                  </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <b>Webinars</b>
+                <br/>
+                Spreading awareness among children and young adults through
+                interactive webinar sessions and initiating an open dialogue
+                about the multidisciplinary fields.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <b>Surveys</b>
+                <br/>
+                Understanding the real on-ground situation of the hospital
+                environment through surveying medical personnel and gauging the
+                existing knowledge of AMR &amp; basic Sciences of young adults and
+                the general public to level-up the know-how of the issue.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <b>Quiz Competition for the Special Children</b>
+                <br/>
+                Curating learning material for the specially-abled children to
+                learn about the possible post-antibiotic era due to the
+                Antimicrobial Resistance in an engaging way of Quizzing
+                questions.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <b>Machine Learning Workshop</b>
+                <br/>
+                Educating budding researchers about the increasing technological
+                use in medicine through a riveting workshop on “Combating AMR
+                using Machine Learning”.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <b>Social Media</b>
+                <br/>
+                Influencing youth through trending online platforms like
+                Instagram, &amp; facebook; and promoting scientific fraternity and
+                social inclusivity.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <b>Policy Review Report</b>
+                <br/>
+                Getting acquainted with the policies and government schemes to
+                analyse the contribution of governing bodies towards the
+                healthcare industry and the impact that requires undivided
+                attention.
                </div>
              </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
-            <div class="section half" id="software">
+        <div class="row">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f1/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Software.png"/>
+          <div class="section half" id="ml">
-              <div class="info">
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/16/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--ML.png"/>
-                <div class="title">Software</div>
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="title">Machine Learning</div>
-                  <p><b>
+              <div class="text">
-                    TailScout
+                <p><b> Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Genes (DARG) </b></p>
-                  </b></p>
+                <br/><br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/a/af/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_ML_1.png"/>
-                  We have developed a web application <b>TailScout</b> which generates secondary structure of the Engineered pyocin by taking the name of the target bacterium from the user as Input. We have used the JPred REST API and Clustal Omega REST API on the Django REST framework for the processes.
+                <br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                Our machine learning approach called Detection of Antibiotic
-                  <b>
+                Resistant Genes abbreviated as DARG involves eight simple steps-
-                    Classifying broadly it is a three step process:
+                 beginning with data collection of genomes of different strains
-                  </b>
+                of <i>A. baumannii</i> along with their response to different
-                  <br/>
+                antibiotics, followed by annotating the genomes to develop
-. Phage Tail Fiber Detection using the bacteria name and phage tail library.
+                pan-genome. A particular strain is represented by a binary
-                  <br/>
+                vector wherein 1 signifies the presence of particular allele and
-. MSA of phage tail fiber sequences for identifying the conserved regions using Clustal Omega.
+signifying absence of particular allele.
-                  <br/>
+                <br/>
-. Secondary structure prediction of fusion protein using JPred.
+                The collected data is passed into an Machine learning algorithm
-                  <br/>
+                called Support Vector Machines followed by interpretation of
+                SVM. The SVM algorithm is used to compute the weights given to
+                different alleles for predicting response of strains to
+                particular antibiotics.
+                <br/>
+                We perform correlation analysis among top alleles, followed by
+                analysing the impact of mutations on the resistance of different
+                strains.
+                <br/>
+                Machine learning algorithm helps in uncovering genes conferring
+                resistance to antibiotics. Different important genes which are
+                detected are shown in red along with the mechanism they are
+                involved in.
+                <br/>
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e2/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_ML_2.png"/>
+                <br/>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
+          <div class="section half" id="software">
-                  Backend Workflow:
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f1/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Software.png"/>
+            <div class="info">
+              <div class="title">Software</div>
+              <div class="text">
+                <p><b> TailScout </b></p>
+                We have developed a web application <b>TailScout</b> which
+                generates secondary structure of the Engineered pyocin by taking
+                the name of the target bacterium from the user as Input. We have
+                used the JPred REST API and Clustal Omega REST API on the Django
+                REST framework for the processes. <br/><br/>
+                <b> Classifying broadly it is a three step process: </b>
+                <br/>
+. Phage Tail Fiber Detection using the bacteria name and phage
+                tail library.
+                <br/>
+. MSA of phage tail fiber sequences for identifying the
+                conserved regions using Clustal Omega.
+                <br/>
+. Secondary structure prediction of fusion protein using JPred.
+                <br/>
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
+                Backend Workflow:
-                  <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/02/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_Software.png"/>
-                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/0/02/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_Software.png"/>
+              </div>
              </div>
            </div>
+        </div>
-          <div class="row">
+        <div class="row">
-            <div class="section two_thirds" id="implementation">
+          <div class="section two_thirds" id="implementation">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e6/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--implementation.png"/>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/e/e6/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--implementation.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
+            <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Implementation</div>
+              <div class="title">Implementation</div>
-                <div class="text">
+              <div class="text">
-                  We suggest a surfactant-based formulation containing a mixture of fusion proteins to be used for endotracheal and endobronchial administration for the treatment of Ventilator-related pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased stay and mortality in the intensive care unit ( ICU) with an estimated 30 % rise in underlying disease mortality.
+                We suggest a surfactant-based formulation containing a mixture
+                of fusion proteins to be used for endotracheal and endobronchial
+                administration for the treatment of Ventilator-related pneumonia
+                (VAP) is associated with increased stay and mortality in the
+                intensive care unit ( ICU) with an estimated 30 % rise in
+                underlying disease mortality.
+                <br/><br/>
+                Current strategy is the only way to deal with acquired
+                infections is to monitor the spread of infections by
+                administering antibiotics. Once the disorder is diagnosed,
+                subsequent antibiotics are administered to the sites of
+                infections, i.e. alveoli and trachea lining, and we have
+                findings for the infection microbial profiles.
+                <br/><br/>
+                We plan to use a surfactant to improve the delivery of the
+                medication and achieve a more homogeneous distribution of the
+                drug by using the rapid installation of the bolus in conjunction
+                with suitable alveolar recruitment techniques. It will require
+                the administration of a carefully formulated formulation
+                according to each infection's microbial diagnosis. By having a
+                unique seekercin for various organisms, we aim to keep our
+                therapy specific and targeted, thereby preventing any collateral
+                damage and reducing the spectrum of production of resistance.
+                <br/><br/>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/d/db/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_implementation_1.jpg"/>
+                <div class="">
+                  Surfactant consists of 80-85 % phospholipids, 5-10 % neutral
+                  lipids, and 8-10 % protein, with 5-6 % of the four specific
+                  proteins of surfactant. Broadly, the formulation has the
+                  following structure:
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <div class="">
+                  <div class="table-responsive">
+                    <table class="table table-hover table-bordered">
+                      <thead class="thead-dark">
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col">
+                            <b>Mucolytics:</b> Carbocisteine, Erdosteine.
+                          </th>
+                          <th scope="col">
+                            <b>Bronchodilators:</b>Beta-2 agonists,
+                            Anticholinergics, Theophylline
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                      </thead>
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td>Seekercin A</td>
+                          <td>di-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)</td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td>Seekercin B</td>
+                          <td>Phosphatidylglycerol</td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td>Seekercin C</td>
+                          <td>Phosphatidylinositol</td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <div class="">
+                  By instilling a particular microvolume of liquid into the upper
+                  airways and moving the plug by programmed air ventilation into
+                  the desired region of the lung, the aqueous liquid containing
+                  soluble drugs can be delivered into targeted branches of the
+                  lung airway and deposited onto the lung epithelium .
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <div class="">
+                  <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/84/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_implementation_2.jpg"/>
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <div class="">
+                  We researched and decided on delivery of pyocins through
+                  nebulizers however, in India there is a disproportionately large
+                  problem with VAPs in the Newborn Intensive Care Units.
+                  <br/>
+                  (NICU) (60k+ deaths per year).
                    <br/><br/>
-                   Current strategy is the only way to deal with acquired infections is to monitor the spread of infections by administering antibiotics. Once the disorder is diagnosed, subsequent antibiotics are administered to the sites of infections, i.e. alveoli and trachea lining, and we have findings for the infection microbial profiles.
+                   On seeking an expert opinion from a Doctor (NICU/VAP
+                  specialist), he pointed out that neonates, especially preterm,
+                  have underdeveloped lungs that are too delicate for effective
+                  nebulizer based treatment.
                    <br/><br/>
-                   We plan to use a surfactant to improve the delivery of the medication and achieve a more homogeneous distribution of the drug by using the rapid installation of the bolus in conjunction with suitable alveolar recruitment techniques. It will require the administration of a carefully formulated formulation according to each infection's microbial diagnosis.
+                   A big drawback of nebulizer therapy is its poor efficiency of
-                   By having a unique seekercin for various organisms, we aim to keep our therapy specific and targeted, thereby preventing any collateral damage and reducing the spectrum of production of resistance.
+                  delivery, much of the dose is lost in the ETT (mist deposition
+                  on the walls, medicine does not get misty well, etc.). Drug loss
+                   is no longer a concern when administering the bolus dose, since
+                  the substance itself is injected into the lungs, taking the drug
+                  with it.
                    <br/><br/>
+                  As observed in in-vivo studies, our rapid and efficient delivery
+                  of bolus-injected surfactant solutions containing
+                  surfactant-associated proteins such as SP-A to the alveoli shows
+                  a strong precedent for delivery of Seekercin is also more likely
+                  to ensure the delivery of high doses (10 ^ 12 pyocins per ml)
+                  needed for successful treatment. The dose will easily enter the
+                  alveoli, and it is predicted that changes will be observed
+                  within seconds to minutes.
                    <br/><br/>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
-                  <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/d/db/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_implementation_1.jpg"/>
+          <div class="section third" id="future">
-                  </div>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Future_Direction.png"/>
-                  <div class="">
+            <div class="info">
-                    Surfactant consists of 80-85 % phospholipids, 5-10 % neutral lipids, and 8-10 % protein, with 5-6 % of the four specific proteins of surfactant. Broadly, the formulation has the following structure:
+              <div class="title">Future Direction</div>
-                  </div>
+              <div class="text">
-                  <br/><br/>
+                <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                  <div class="">
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                    <div class="table-responsive">
+                    We would complete the planned experiments in time for next
-                      <table class="table table-hover table-bordered">
+                    year’s iGEM competition as Phase 2 of our project
-                        <thead class="thead-dark">
+                  </li>
-                          <tr>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            <th scope="col"><b>Mucolytics:</b> Carbocisteine, Erdosteine.</th>
+                    As Seekercins are protein-based therapeutics, an attempt to
-                            <th scope="col"><b>Bronchodilators:</b>Beta-2 agonists, Anticholinergics, Theophylline</th>
+                    reduce their immunogenicity by eliminating relevant epitopes
-                          </tr>
+                    could be made
-                        </thead>
+                  </li>
-                        <tbody>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                          <tr>
+                    It is clear from the literature that the number of sequenced
-                            <td>
+                    phages for pathogenic bacteria are still relatively small.
+                    This calls for the need for more extensive isolation,
-                              Seekercin A
+                    characterizing and sequencing of phages.
+                  </li>
-                            </td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            <td>
+                    Following positive results in cell line based assays,
+                    in-vivo studies in murine or Caenorhabditis models could be
-                              di-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)
+                    done
+                  </li>
-                            </td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                          </tr>
+                    Comparison of efficacy of Seekercin formulations with
-                          <tr>
+                    various additives in cell line and in-vivo lung infection
-                            <td>
+                    studies
+                  </li>
-                              Seekercin B
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    Studies on efficacy and dosage requirements in
-                            </td>
+                    multi-Seekercin cocktails for broader strain spectrum.
-                            <td>
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                              Phosphatidylglycerol
+                    Increasing the numbers of Multiple Drug-Resistant Bacteria
+                    in our phage library.
-                            </td>
+                  </li>
-                          </tr>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                          <tr>
+                    Incorporating protein modelling of the pyocin bacteriophage
-                            <td>
+                    fusion protein in features offered by TailScout
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    Result Analysis of Secondary and Tertiary structure of the
+                    fusion protein can also be incorporated into TailScout.
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    Improving the result and job status retrieval process of
+                    TailScout.
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </div>
-                              Seekercin C
+        <div class="row">
+          <div class="section half" id="results">
-                            </td>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/bc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--results.png"/>
-                            <td>
+            <div class="info">
+              <div class="title">Results</div>
-                              Phosphatidylinositol
+              <div class="text">
+                <h3 class="wiki-h wiki-h3">Wet Lab</h3>
-                            </td>
+                <br/>
-                          </tr>
+                Initial experiments were performed in March but had to be
-                        </tbody>
+                aborted due to the pandemic and closing of our institute. We
-                      </table>
+                have laid out contingency plans for multiple scenarios based on
-                     </div>
+                the expected results of our wet lab experiments.
+                <br/><br/><br/>
+                <h3 class="wiki-h wiki-h3">Dry Lab</h3>
+                <br/>
+                <div class="flex-row">
+                  <div class="img-third">
+                     <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/3f/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results1.jpg"/>
                    </div>
-                  <br/><br/>
                    <div class="">
-                     By instilling a particular microvolume of liquid into the upper airways and moving the plug by programmed air ventilation into the desired region of the lung, the aqueous liquid containing soluble drugs can be delivered into targeted branches of the lung airway and deposited onto the lung epithelium .
+                     <b> Root Mean Square Deviation </b>
+                    <br/>
+                    Calculated and compared the RMSD of each fusion-protein
+                    model with:
+                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
+                      <li class="wiki-li">The R2-NTF tail fibre protein</li>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
+                        The AP-22 bacteriophage tail fibre protein
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
                    </div>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                </div>
-                   <div class="">
+                <br/>
-                     <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/84/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_implementation_2.jpg"/>
+                <div class="flex-row">
+                   <div class="img-third">
+                     <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results2.jpg"/>
                    </div>
-                  <br/><br/>
                    <div class="">
-                     We researched and decided on delivery of pyocins through nebulizers however, in India there is a disproportionately large problem with VAPs in the Newborn Intensive Care Units.
+                     <b> Ramachandran Plot </b>
                      <br/>
-                    (NICU) (60k+ deaths per year).
+                     <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                     <br/><br/>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                    On seeking an expert opinion from a Doctor (NICU/VAP specialist), he pointed out that neonates, especially preterm, have underdeveloped lungs that are too delicate for effective nebulizer based treatment.
+                        Gives information about the energetically allowed and
-                    <br/><br/>
+                        disallowed regions in the protein
-                    A big drawback of nebulizer therapy is its poor efficiency of delivery, much of the dose is lost in the ETT (mist deposition on the walls, medicine does not get misty well, etc.). Drug loss is no longer a concern when administering the bolus dose, since the substance itself is injected into the lungs, taking the drug with it.
+                      </li>
-                    <br/><br/>
+                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                    As observed in in-vivo studies, our rapid and efficient delivery of bolus-injected surfactant solutions containing surfactant-associated proteins such as SP-A to the alveoli shows a strong precedent for delivery of Seekercin is also more likely to ensure the delivery of high doses (10 ^ 12 pyocins per ml) needed for successful treatment. The dose will easily enter the alveoli, and it is predicted that changes will be observed within seconds to minutes.
+                        Prepared and compared plots for 6 models
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
                      <br/><br/>
                    </div>
-              </div>
-            </div>
-            <div class="section third" id="future">
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/18/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Future_Direction.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">Future Direction</div>
-                <div class="text">
-                  <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      We would complete the planned experiments in time for next year’s iGEM competition as Phase 2 of our project
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      As Seekercins are protein-based therapeutics, an attempt to reduce their immunogenicity by eliminating relevant epitopes could be made
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      It is clear from the literature that the number of sequenced phages for pathogenic bacteria are still relatively small. This calls for the need for more extensive isolation, characterizing and sequencing of phages.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Following positive results in cell line based assays, in-vivo studies in murine or Caenorhabditis models could be done
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Comparison of efficacy of Seekercin formulations with various additives in cell line and in-vivo lung infection studies
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Studies on efficacy and dosage requirements in multi-Seekercin cocktails for broader strain spectrum.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Increasing the numbers of Multiple Drug-Resistant Bacteria in our phage library.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Incorporating protein modelling of the pyocin bacteriophage fusion protein in features offered by TailScout
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Result Analysis of Secondary and Tertiary structure of the fusion protein can also be incorporated into TailScout.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Improving the result and job status retrieval process of TailScout.
-                    </li>
-                  </ul>
                  </div>
-              </div>
+                 <br/><br/>
-            </div>
+                <div class="table-responsive">
-          </div>
+                  <table class="table table-hover table-bordered">
+                    <thead class="thead-dark">
-          <div class="row">
+                      <tr>
-            <div class="section half" id="results">
+                        <th scope="col">Model/Data</th>
-              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/bc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--results.png"/>
+                        <th scope="col">RMSD with lower part (4mtm)</th>
-              <div class="info">
+                        <th scope="col">RMSD with upper part (6cu2)</th>
-                 <div class="title">Results</div>
+                        <th scope="col">Residues in disallowed regions</th>
-                <div class="text">
+                        <th scope="col">Residues in favoured regions</th>
-                  <h3 class="wiki-h wiki-h3">
+                      </tr>
-                    Wet Lab
+                    </thead>
-                  </h3>
+                    <tbody>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                      <tr>
-                    Initial experiments were performed in March but had to be aborted due to the pandemic and closing of our institute. We have laid out contingency plans for multiple scenarios based on the expected results of our wet lab experiments.
+                        <td>Ab-initio Model 1 </td>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                        <td>0.435</td>
-                  <h3 class="wiki-h wiki-h3">
+                        <td>2.648</td>
-                    Dry Lab
+                        <td>0%</td>
-                  </h3>
+                        <td>89.2%</td>
-                  <br/><br/>
+                      </tr>
-                    <div class="row">
-                      <div class="section quarter">
-                        <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/3/3f/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results1.jpg"/>
-                      </div>
-                      <div class="section three_quarters">
-                        <b>
-                          Root Mean Square Deviation
-                        </b>
-                        <br/>
-                        Calculated and compared the RMSD of each fusion-protein model with:
-                        <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                          <li class="wiki-li">
-                            The R2-NTF tail fibre protein
-                          </li>
-                          <li class="wiki-li">
-                            The AP-22 bacteriophage tail fibre protein
-                          </li>
-                        </ul>
-                      </div>
-                    </div>
-                    <div class="row">
-                      <div class="section quarter">
-                        <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/f/f7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results2.jpg"/>
-                      </div>
-                      <div class="section three_quarters">
-                        <b>
-                          Ramachandran Plot
-                        </b>
-                        <br/>
-                        <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                          <li class="wiki-li">
-                            Gives information about the energetically allowed and disallowed regions in the protein
-                          </li>
-                          <li class="wiki-li">
-                            Prepared and compared plots for 6 models
-                          </li>
-                        </ul>
-                        <br/><br/>
-                      </div>
-                    </div>
-                    <br/><br/>
-                  <br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
-                    <div class="table-responsive">
-                      <table class="table table-hover table-bordered">
-                        <thead class="thead-dark">
-                          <tr>
-                            <th scope="col">
-                              Model/Data
-                            </th>
-                            <th scope="col">
-                              RMSD with lower part (4mtm)
-                            </th>
-                            <th scope="col">
-                              RMSD with upper part (6cu2)
-                            </th>
-                            <th scope="col">
-                              Residues in disallowed regions
-                            </th>
-                            <th scope="col">
-                              Residues in favoured regions
-                            </th>
-                          </tr>
-                        </thead>
-                        <tbody>
-                          <tr>
-                            <td>
-                              Ab-initio Model 1
+                      <tr>
-                            </td>
+                        <td>Ab-initio Model 2 </td>
-                            <td>
+                        <td>0.419</td>
+                        <td>6.264</td>
+                        <td>0%</td>
+                        <td>87.8%</td>
+                      </tr>
-.435
+                      <tr>
-                            </td>
+                        <td>Ab-initio Model 3 </td>
-                            <td>
+                        <td>0.375</td>
+                        <td>2.335</td>
+                        <td>0%</td>
+                        <td>86.1%</td>
+                      </tr>
-.648
+                      <tr>
-                            </td>
+                        <td>Ab-initio Model 4 </td>
-                            <td>
+                        <td>0.475</td>
+                        <td>4.024</td>
+                        <td>0.2%</td>
+                        <td>86%</td>
+                      </tr>
-%
+                      <tr>
-                            </td>
+                        <td>Ab-initio Model 5 </td>
-                            <td>
+                        <td>0.427</td>
+                        <td>4.631</td>
+                        <td>0</td>
+                        <td>89.4%</td>
+                      </tr>
-.2%
+                      <tr>
-                            </td>
+                        <td>Swiss Model</td>
-                          </tr>
+                        <td>4.666</td>
+                        <td>1.527</td>
-                          <tr>
+                        <td>0.3%</td>
-                            <td>
+                        <td>88.1%</td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                </div>
+                <br/><br/>
-                              Ab-initio Model 2
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/cc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results3.png"/>
-                            </td>
+                <br/><br/><br/>
-                            <td>
-.419
+                <b> Best Model → Ab-initio Model 1 </b>
-                            </td>
+                <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                            <td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    After choosing the best model, we performed energy
+                    minimization for it to ensure the most stable state
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    We used YASARA Energy Minimization Toolkit for this
+                  </li>
+                </ul>
+                <br/><br/>
+                <br/>
-.264
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/b2/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results4.png"/>
-                            </td>
+                <br/>
-                            <td>
+                <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/6c/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results5.png"/>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
-%
+          <div class="section half" id="references">
-                            </td>
+            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/b7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Ref._and_aknowledegements.png"/>
-                            <td>
-.8%
+             <div class="info">
-                            </td>
+               <div class="title">References and Acknowledgements</div>
-                          </tr>
+              <div class="text">
+                References:
-                          <tr>
+                <br/><br/><br/>
-                            <td>
+                <ol class="wiki-ol">
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                              Ab-initio Model 3
+                    <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/acinetobacter.html">
-                            </td>
+                      https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/acinetobacter.html
-                            <td>
+                    </a>
+                  </li>
-.375
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            </td>
+                    <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/42/5/692/2052763">
-                            <td>
+                      https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/42/5/692/2052763
+                    </a>
-.335
+                  </li>
-                            </td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            <td>
+                    <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:TAU_Israel">
+                      https://2019.igem.org/Team:TAU_Israel
-%
+                    </a>
-                            </td>
+                  </li>
-                            <td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5411516_Retargeting_R-Type_Pyocins_To_Generate_Novel_Bactericidal_Protein_Complexes">
-.1%
+                      https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5411516_Retargeting_R-Type_Pyocins_To_Generate_Novel_Bactericidal_Protein_Complexes
-                            </td>
+                    </a>
-                          </tr>
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                          <tr>
+                    <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-major-cause-of-death-within-icu-in-india-119091400987_1.html">
-                            <td>
+                      https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-major-cause-of-death-within-icu-in-india-119091400987_1.html
+                    </a>
-                              Ab-initio Model 4
+                  </li>
-                            </td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            <td>
+                    <a href="https://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=504;epage=510;aulast=Khurana">
+                      https://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=504;epage=510;aulast=Khurana
-.475
+                    </a>
-                            </td>
+                  </li>
-                            <td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    <a href="https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200415/ventilators-helping-or-harming-covid-19-patients#1">
-.024
+                      https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200415/ventilators-helping-or-harming-covid-19-patients#1
-                            </td>
+                    </a>
-                            <td>
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-.2%
+                    <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059826/">
-                            </td>
+                      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059826/
-                            <td>
+                    </a>
+                  </li>
-%
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            </td>
+                    <a href="https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/5/1034">
-                          </tr>
+                      https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/5/1034
+                    </a>
-                          <tr>
+                  </li>
-                            <td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
+                    Scholl, D., Cooley, M., Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin,
-                              Ab-initio Model 5
+                    D., Bates, A. and Mandrell, R., 2009. An engineered R-type
-                            </td>
+                    pyocin is a highly specific and sensitive bactericidal agent
-                            <td>
+                    for the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7.
-.427
+                    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 53(7), pp.3074-3080.
+                  </li>
-                            </td>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            <td>
+                    Scholl, D. and Martin, D.W., 2008. Antibacterial efficacy of
+                    R-type pyocins towards <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in a
-.631
+                    murine peritonitis model. Antimicrobial agents and
-                            </td>
+                    chemotherapy, 52(5), pp.1647-1652.
-                            <td>
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                            </td>
+                    Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin, D.W. and Scholl, D.,
-                            <td>
+. Retargeting R-type pyocins to generate novel
-.4%
+                    bactericidal protein complexes. Applied and environmental
-                            </td>
+                    microbiology, 74(12), pp.3868-3876.
-                          </tr>
+                  </li>
+                  <li class="wiki-li">
-                          <tr>
+                    Scholl, D., Gebhart, D., Williams, S.R., Bates, A. and
-                            <td>
+                    Mandrell, R., 2012. Genome sequence of E. coli O104: H4
+                    leads to rapid development of a targeted antimicrobial agent
-                              Swiss Model
+                    against this emerging pathogen. PLoS One, 7(3), p.e33637.
-                            </td>
+                  </li>
-                            <td>
+                </ol>
+                <br/>
-.666
+                <br/><br/>
-                            </td>
+                Acknowledgements:
-                            <td>
+                <h4>Darshak Bhatt, Mentor</h4>
+                <h4>Vivek Junghare</h4>
-.527
+                <h4>Student Technical Council, IIT Roorkee</h4>
-                            </td>
+                <h4>Director IIT Roorkee</h4>
-                            <td>
+                <h4>Dean SRIC IIT Roorkee</h4>
-.3%
-                            </td>
-                            <td>
-.1%
-                            </td>
-                          </tr>
-                        </tbody>
-                      </table>
-                    </div>
-                    <br/><br/>
-                    <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/c/cc/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results3.png"/>
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                    <b>
-                      Best Model → Ab-initio Model 1
-                    </b>
-                    <ul class="wiki-ul">
-                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                        After choosing the best model, we performed energy minimization for it to ensure the most stable state
-                      </li>
-                      <li class="wiki-li">
-                        We used YASARA Energy Minimization Toolkit for this
-                      </li>
-                    </ul>
-                    <br/><br/>
-                  <br/>
-                    <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/b2/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results4.png"/>
-                  <br/>
-                    <img alt="" class="poster-content-image poster-content-image-full" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/6c/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster-content--poster_results5.png"/>
-                </div>
-              </div>
-            </div>
-             <div class="section half" id="references">
-               <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/b/b7/T--IIT_Roorkee--Poster_images--poster--Ref._and_aknowledegements.png"/>
-              <div class="info">
-                <div class="title">References and Acknowledgements</div>
-                <div class="text">
-                  References:
-                  <br/><br/><br/>
-                  <ol class="wiki-ol">
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/acinetobacter.html">
-                        https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/acinetobacter.html
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/42/5/692/2052763">
-                        https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/42/5/692/2052763
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:TAU_Israel">
-                        https://2019.igem.org/Team:TAU_Israel
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5411516_Retargeting_R-Type_Pyocins_To_Generate_Novel_Bactericidal_Protein_Complexes">
-                        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5411516_Retargeting_R-Type_Pyocins_To_Generate_Novel_Bactericidal_Protein_Complexes
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-major-cause-of-death-within-icu-in-india-119091400987_1.html">
-                        https://www.business-standard.com/article/health/ventilator-associated-pneumonia-a-major-cause-of-death-within-icu-in-india-119091400987_1.html
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=504;epage=510;aulast=Khurana">
-                        https://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn=0255-0857;year=2017;volume=35;issue=4;spage=504;epage=510;aulast=Khurana
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200415/ventilators-helping-or-harming-covid-19-patients#1">
-                        https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200415/ventilators-helping-or-harming-covid-19-patients#1
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059826/">
-                        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3059826/
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      <a href="https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/5/1034">
-                        https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/17/5/1034
-                      </a>
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Scholl, D., Cooley, M., Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin, D., Bates, A. and Mandrell, R., 2009. An engineered R-type pyocin is a highly specific and sensitive bactericidal agent for the food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 53(7), pp.3074-3080.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Scholl, D. and Martin, D.W., 2008. Antibacterial efficacy of R-type pyocins towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine peritonitis model. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 52(5), pp.1647-1652.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Williams, S.R., Gebhart, D., Martin, D.W. and Scholl, D., 2008. Retargeting R-type pyocins to generate novel bactericidal protein complexes. Applied and environmental microbiology, 74(12), pp.3868-3876.
-                    </li>
-                    <li class="wiki-li">
-                      Scholl, D., Gebhart, D., Williams, S.R., Bates, A. and Mandrell, R., 2012. Genome sequence of E. coli O104: H4 leads to rapid development of a targeted antimicrobial agent against this emerging pathogen. PLoS One, 7(3), p.e33637.
-                    </li>
-                  </ol>
-                  <br/>
-                  <br/><br/>
-                  Acknowledgements:
-                  <h4>
-                    Darshak Bhatt, Mentor
-                  </h4>
-                  <h4>
-                    Vivek Junghare
-                  </h4>
-                  <h4>
-                    Student Technical Council, IIT Roorkee
-                  </h4>
-                  <h4>
-                    Director IIT Roorkee
-                  </h4>
-                  <h4>
-                    Dean SRIC IIT Roorkee
-                  </h4>
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Difference between revisions of "Team:IIT Roorkee/Poster"

Latest revision as of 17:29, 18 December 2020

Presented by: Team IIT Roorkee

1iGEM Student team member

2iGEM Advisor

3iGEM Primary PI

Inspiration

Solution

Wet Lab

Dry Lab

Darshak Bhatt, Mentor

Vivek Junghare

Student Technical Council, IIT Roorkee

Director IIT Roorkee

Dean SRIC IIT Roorkee

¹iGEM Student team member

²iGEM Advisor

³iGEM Primary PI