Team:Korea-SIS/Contribution

KOREA SIS
Home 
Team
Project
Human Practices 
Education 
Judging Form 
Safety 

Contribution

Developing Countries with Post Harvest Losses of Crop

Country Post Harvest Losses of Crop Information NGOs & Connections
Sri Lanka
As much as 33% lost due to post harvest methods
  • Crops transported in burlap, plastic, homemade wooden boxes, etc.
  • Transport procedure reduces length of time produce can last
Post Harvest Loss Rate Ranges 20~44%
  • Happens in Transportation & Storage
  • NGOs try to teach good post-harvest management to farmers
Team SIS-Korea (iGEM 2020)
  • Acute malnutrition in Sri Lanka
  • Loss of 18 billion Rupees annually
  • Relies heavily on rice harvest affected heavily by crop loss
  • Dream Space Academy
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States
  • International Fund for Agricultural Development
India
6.5 billion USD are lost
  • 5 billion USD for wheat
  • 1.5 billion USD for rice
Lost during post harvest.
  • 9% cereals, 6.1% pulses, 2.8%- 10.1% oilseeds, 5.8%-18.1% fruits, and 6.9%-13% vegetables
Unseasonal rains and hailstorms damages crops( more than 50% are damaged)
Team IISER-Mohali (iGEM 2018)
  • Agriculture sector accounts for more than 17% of economy
  • Loss caused by diseases, ill-timed rain, pest infestation
  • Post-harvest losses account for 12~16 million metric tons of grains annually
  • Loss in storage caused by rats
  1. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
  2. Crop Yield Loss(CYL)
Kenya
20% of cereals lost before reaching market
  • Poor food handling, storage, and sanitation
  • 12% of maize lost to post harvest before reaching market
Staple food in maize
  • 12~20% of the national production
  • 4.8 ~ 8 million bags of 40.7 million bags lost annually
Relevant iGEM Team Unavailable
  1. Agrokenya
  2. Kenya National Farmers’ Federation
  3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States
Senegal
Loss from production incurred during harvesting, drying, handling operations, farm storage, transport and market storage
  • 20.4% is lost in Fatick and Kaffine in 2017
  • 17.2% were lost in Dakar in 2017 due to post harvest issues
  • Matam, Louga, Saint- Louis and Dakar in 2017
Relevant iGEM Team Unavailable
  1. African Postharvest Losses Information System(APHLIS)
  2. Monitoring Agricultural ResourceS(MARS)
Mali
Issues regarding harvesting, drying, handling operations, farm storage, transport, market storage
17.2% of harvest production is lost due to the post harvest issues in Bamako, Kayes, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, and Tombouctou in 2017
18% of harvest production is lost due to post harvest issues in Sikasso in 2017
Relevant iGEM Team Unavailable
  • World Food Programme
  • Federal Office for Agriculture and Food
  • The Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA)
Bangladesh
Overall 38% of the total production of crops are lost due to post harvest losses
  • Loss of banana, pineapple, orange, mango, litchi, and jackfruit were respectively 37%, 27%, 20%, 24%, 17% and 38% of the total production
Causes: insects, bats, squirrels, and monkeys, transportation issues
Specific to rice:
Bangladesh produces 34.4 million tons of rice in 10.61 million
Dependent on the physical, topographical, and climatic conditions of the area
13.02-13.72% lost in the process of harvesting to storage
Relevant iGEM Team Unavailable
  • World Food Programme
  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Bibliography
Sri Lanka
Team:Korea-SIS/Project, 2020.igem.org/Team:Korea-SIS/Project.
“Cutting Post-Harvest Losses - Sri Lanka.” ReliefWeb, reliefweb.int/report/sri-lanka/cutting-post-harvest-losses.
“Sri Lanka.” IFAD, www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/country/id/sri_lanka.
India
Team:IISER-Mohali/Description, 2018.igem.org/Team:IISER-Mohali/Description.
Sharma, Amit, et al. “Revisiting the Crop Yield Loss in India Attributable to Ozone.” Atmospheric Environment: X, Elsevier, 23 Jan. 2019, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162119300115#:~:text=These estimates are found to,% for rice) over India.&text=For rice the estimated total,and 1.5 million tonnes respectively.
Vishwa Mohan / TNN / Updated: Mar 6, 2020. “Farmers Suffer Massive Crop Damage in Certain Districts of Rain-Hit States: India News - Times of India.” The Times of India, TOI, timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/farmers-suffer-massive-crop-damage-in-certain-districts-of-rain-hit-states/articleshow/74517680.cms.
Kenya
Onyango, Kevin & Kirimi, Lilian. (2017). Post-Harvest Losses: a Key Contributor to Food Insecurity in Kenya.
Timothy Njagi Njeru Research Fellow, and Priscilla Wainaina Postdoctoral Researcher. “Key Challenges for Kenya in Big Push to Reduce Post-Harvest Losses.” The Conversation, 15 July 2019, theconversation.com/key-challenges-for-kenya-in-big-push-to-reduce-post-harvest-losses-94749#:~:text=Kenya food losses&text=The country produced 37 million,to about 4.5 million bags.
Senegal
Karamanidis, Varsamis. “Estimated Postharvest Losses (%) 2003 - 2019.” Post Harvest Losses - losses_estimates - for Crop Maize in Country Senegal, archive.aphlis.net/?form=losses_estimates&co_id=40&prov_id=4288&c_id=324&year=2017#losses_detail_section.
Mali
Karamanidis, Varsamis. “Estimated Postharvest Losses (%) 2003 - 2019.” Post Harvest Losses - losses_estimates - for Crop Maize in Country Mali, archive.aphlis.net/?form=losses_estimates&co_id=31&c_id=324.
Bangladesh
“Post-Harvest Losses Aggravate Hunger - Afghanistan.” ReliefWeb, reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/post-harvest-losses-aggravate-hunger#:~:text=A recent FAO project in,around 18 000 beneficiary households.&text=Because of the silos, post,than one or two percent.
“Post-Harvest Losses Aggravate Hunger - Afghanistan.” ReliefWeb, reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/post-harvest-losses-aggravate-hunger#:~:text=A recent FAO project in,around 18 000 beneficiary households.&text=Because of the silos, post,than one or two percent.

Cardea Bio

Cardea Bio is a biotech company that specializes in the use of biology gated transistors (Cardean TransistorsTM) to build chips that could be useful in biological products.
The knowledge from the several papers Cardea Bio has provided us with can be of useful contribution to future teams in the sense that innovative mechanisms of the fusion of technology and biology are introduced. The incorporation of technology that Cardea Bio is commercializing and making it available for the industry has the potential to benefit both the producers and consumers. It will both lower the cost of production and reduce the technological requirements of the user, increasing the availability of such products.
Specifically, the paper on chemically functionalized graphene FET biosensors could be a useful contribution for iGEM teams in the future. This paper delves into the use of Graphene field-effect transistors for biosensor applications. It introduces novel mechanisms for biosensor development beyond what is readily used in the status quo. Beyond the typical exosome analysis mechanisms, such as flow cytometry, Western blot, and polymerase chain reactions, the study explicates the use of original apparatus such as immunofluorescence, colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, micro-nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrochemistry. Furthermore, on-chip methods for the detection of exosomes that don’t rely on labels, but on conjugated beads or secondary antibodies are explained. Such new ways can be made of use in the future for the development of biosensors.
Citation:
Goldsmith, B.R., Locascio, L., Gao, Y. et al. Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors. Sci Rep 9, 434 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w