|
|
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
Line 31: |
Line 31: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="col-lg-6 phosphate-intro" id="page-content"> | | <div class="col-lg-6 phosphate-intro" id="page-content"> |
− | <h5 style="padding-bottom: 1.5em;">Phosphate is a <strong>food additive.</strong> The push to reduce sodium from our diets has had our food sources replacing that with phosphate, to ensure taste and preservation. While most people may excrete this phosphate just fine – elderly patients, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients cannot excrete phosphate as effectively.</h5> | + | <h5 style="padding-bottom: 2em; padding-top: 1.5em">Phosphate is a <strong>food additive.</strong> The push to reduce sodium from our diets has had our food sources replacing that with phosphate, to ensure taste and preservation. While most people may excrete this phosphate just fine – elderly patients, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients cannot excrete phosphate as effectively.</h5> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="col-lg-6 food-pic"> | | <div class="col-lg-6 food-pic"> |
− | <img style="padding-bottom: 1.5em;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/8c/T--Queens_Canada--pro-desc-foods.png" alt=""> | + | <img style="padding-bottom: 2em; padding-top:2em;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/8/8c/T--Queens_Canada--pro-desc-foods.png" alt=""> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| </section> | | </section> |
− | <section class="project-description-content"> | + | |
| + | |
| + | <section class="page-content"> |
| <div class="container"> | | <div class="container"> |
− | <div class="row"> | + | <div class="page-text"> |
− | <div class="col-lg-5 venn-diagram">
| + | <div class="section-full-image"> |
− | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/7/79/T--Queens_Canada--venn-diagram.png" alt=""> | + | <img style="width: 40%;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/7/79/T--Queens_Canada--venn-diagram.png" alt=""> |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="col-lg-7 phosphate-explanation"> | + | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
− | <h5>Phosphate levels are associated with a slew of cardiovascular and renal complications, with | + | <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;">Phosphate levels are associated with a slew of cardiovascular and renal complications, with |
| hyperphosphatemia serving as a direct stimulus to vascular calcification in CKD patients. As phosphate | | hyperphosphatemia serving as a direct stimulus to vascular calcification in CKD patients. As phosphate |
| begins to build up, our mineral homeostasis goes off course – resulting in capillaries being clogged | | begins to build up, our mineral homeostasis goes off course – resulting in capillaries being clogged |
Line 54: |
Line 56: |
| vascular calcification and bone abnormalities – resulting in serious illness and eventually death. | | vascular calcification and bone abnormalities – resulting in serious illness and eventually death. |
| After speaking with nephrologists, many CKD patients are diabetic, so glucose is also a valuable | | After speaking with nephrologists, many CKD patients are diabetic, so glucose is also a valuable |
− | biomarker to detect for patient car</h5> | + | biomarker to detect for patient car</p> |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | <div class="col-lg-12"> | + | <div class="section-full-image"> |
− | <div class="section-full-image">
| + | <img style="padding-top: 2.5em;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/6f/T--Queens_Canada--ekg-diagram.png" alt=""><br><br> |
− | <img style="padding: 1em;"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/6/6f/T--Queens_Canada--ekg-diagram.png" alt=""><br><br>
| + | |
− | </div>
| + | |
| </div> | | </div> |
− | </div>
| |
− | </div>
| |
− | </section>
| |
− | <section class="page-content">
| |
− | <div class="container">
| |
− | <div class="page-text">
| |
| <div class="section-paragraph"> | | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
| <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> | | <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> |
Line 73: |
Line 67: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="section-full-image"> | | <div class="section-full-image"> |
− | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/14/T--Queens_Canada--graph.png" alt=""> | + | <img style="width: 50%;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2020/1/14/T--Queens_Canada--graph.png" alt=""> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="section-paragraph"> | | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
| <p style="display: block; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 600;"> | | <p style="display: block; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: 600;"> |
− | Age-Adjusted Prevalence of CKD Stages 1-4 by Gender 1999-2012 | + | Age-Adjusted Prevalence of CKD Stages 1-4 by Gender 1999-2012<br><br> |
| </p> | | </p> |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="section-paragraph"> | | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
− | <p style="display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> | + | <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> |
| The limits of clinical phosphate detection were further discussed in a meeting with Dr. Rachel Holden (Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine) and Dr. Michael Adams (former Head of the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences) who spoke to the numerous limitations of blood testing for phosphate detection while strongly supporting our project and the significance it can have in the clinic. According to Dr. Holden, phosphate levels of CKD patients are taken approximately once every 6 weeks, which provide little insight into the state of CKD. She discussed a need for real-time and fast detection of phosphate levels, which is what our project aims to provide. By giving physicians and patients the ability to measure their own phosphate levels quickly, accurately, and continuously, our project can truly make a difference in the lives of CKD patients around the world. | | The limits of clinical phosphate detection were further discussed in a meeting with Dr. Rachel Holden (Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine) and Dr. Michael Adams (former Head of the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences) who spoke to the numerous limitations of blood testing for phosphate detection while strongly supporting our project and the significance it can have in the clinic. According to Dr. Holden, phosphate levels of CKD patients are taken approximately once every 6 weeks, which provide little insight into the state of CKD. She discussed a need for real-time and fast detection of phosphate levels, which is what our project aims to provide. By giving physicians and patients the ability to measure their own phosphate levels quickly, accurately, and continuously, our project can truly make a difference in the lives of CKD patients around the world. |
| <br><br> | | <br><br> |
| <strong>Measuring in vivo levels of phosphate, potassium, FGF23, PTH, and glucose daily will save lives.</strong> | | <strong>Measuring in vivo levels of phosphate, potassium, FGF23, PTH, and glucose daily will save lives.</strong> |
| <br><br> | | <br><br> |
− | Using a minimally invasive microneedle patch on the arm we can take a patient’s interstitial fluid, and with fluorescent binding proteins measure the levels of CKD biomarkers, in our portable fluorometer style device. Our smartphone application may alert a physician and patient of abnormal biomarker levels preventing catastrophe. | + | Using a minimally invasive microneedle patch on the arm we can take a patient’s interstitial fluid, and with fluorescent binding proteins measure the levels of CKD biomarkers, in our portable fluorometer style device. Our smartphone application may alert a physician and patient of abnormal biomarker levels preventing catastrophe. <br><br> |
| | | |
| </p> | | </p> |
Line 94: |
Line 88: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="section-paragraph"> | | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
− | <p style="display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> | + | <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> |
− | Our fluorescent binding protein system is modular and has a high specificity for our biomarkers. And with our custom cysteine coiled-coil anchoring technique, we can easily bind other proteins, to detect other metabolites. We see it as building a doll house, CKD patients use it to build their health. | + | <br>Our fluorescent binding protein system is modular and has a high specificity for our biomarkers. And with our custom cysteine coiled-coil anchoring technique, we can easily bind other proteins, to detect other metabolites. We see it as building a doll house, CKD patients use it to build their health.<br><br> |
| | | |
| </p> | | </p> |
Line 106: |
Line 100: |
| </div> | | </div> |
| <div class="section-paragraph"> | | <div class="section-paragraph"> |
− | <p style="display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> | + | <p style="display: block; text-align: left; font-size: 1em; font-weight: 400;"> |
| Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic Kidney Disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 2017 25;389(10075):1238–52. <br><br> | | Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic Kidney Disease. Lancet Lond Engl. 2017 25;389(10075):1238–52. <br><br> |
| Chen TK, Knicely DH, Grams ME. Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management: A Review. JAMA. 2019 01;322(13):1294–304.<br><br> | | Chen TK, Knicely DH, Grams ME. Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis and Management: A Review. JAMA. 2019 01;322(13):1294–304.<br><br> |