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<div id="fifthpart" class="section two-parts"> | <div id="fifthpart" class="section two-parts"> | ||
<div class="half"> | <div class="half"> | ||
− | <h2 class="white">Advantages of RAS</h2> | + | <h2 class="white"><b>Advantages</b> of RAS</h2> |
<div class="list"> | <div class="list"> | ||
<div class="list-item"> | <div class="list-item"> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="half"> | <div class="half"> | ||
− | <h2 class="white">Disadvantages of RAS</h2> | + | <h2 class="white"><b>Disadvantages</b> of RAS</h2> |
<div class="list"> | <div class="list"> | ||
<div class="list-item"> | <div class="list-item"> | ||
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<div id="sixthpart" class="section centered"> | <div id="sixthpart" class="section centered"> | ||
<div class="centered"> | <div class="centered"> | ||
− | <h1>However, the biggest challenge is</h1> | + | <h1>However, the <b>biggest challenge</b> is...</h1> |
</div> | </div> | ||
<div id="infection" class="animation"></div> | <div id="infection" class="animation"></div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
− | <div id="seventhpart" class="section centered | + | <div id="seventhpart" class="section centered"> |
− | <div class=" | + | <div class="centered wd-60"> |
<p class="white">Since the water in RAS is circulated between tanks, if <b>one bacteria-infected fish</b> enters the system, not long after, the entire RAS system can become <b>contaminated</b>.</p> | <p class="white">Since the water in RAS is circulated between tanks, if <b>one bacteria-infected fish</b> enters the system, not long after, the entire RAS system can become <b>contaminated</b>.</p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
− | <div class=" | + | <div class="centered"> |
<div id="ras-sick" class="animation"> | <div id="ras-sick" class="animation"> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="white-bg big-section"> | <div class="white-bg big-section"> | ||
+ | <div class="section centered"> | ||
+ | <h1 class="black center"> | ||
+ | THE PROBLEM | ||
+ | </h1> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
<div class="section centered wdt-60"> | <div class="section centered wdt-60"> | ||
− | + | <p class="black center">Diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. constitute one of the <b>biggest host</b> and geographic ranges of the <b>bacterial fish pathogens</b>.</p> | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div id="bact" class="section centered"> | <div id="bact" class="section centered"> | ||
− | <div> | + | <div class="section centered wdt-60"> |
<p class="black center">The<b> most common</b> of these bacteria are the two opportunistic species:</p> | <p class="black center">The<b> most common</b> of these bacteria are the two opportunistic species:</p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="row"> | <div class="row"> | ||
<div class="half"> | <div class="half"> | ||
− | < | + | <h2 class="black center bact">Flavobacterium<br>psychrophilum</h2> |
− | <p class="yellow center"><b> | + | <svg class="cause" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20.15 72.9" xmlns:v="https://vecta.io/nano"><path d="M1.5,64.13,8.78,71.4l8-8" fill="none" stroke="#222" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3"/><text transform="matrix(0 1 -1 0 4.85 0)" font-size="18" font-family="montserrat-light,sans-serif">causes</text></svg> |
+ | <p class="yellow center"><b>bacterial gill disease<br>&<br>rainbow trout fry syndrome</b></p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="half"> | <div class="half"> | ||
− | < | + | <h2 class="black center bact">Flavobacterium<br>columnare</h2> |
− | <p class="yellow center"><b> | + | <svg class="cause" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20.15 72.9" xmlns:v="https://vecta.io/nano"><path d="M1.5,64.13,8.78,71.4l8-8" fill="none" stroke="#222" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="3"/><text transform="matrix(0 1 -1 0 4.85 0)" font-size="18" font-family="montserrat-light,sans-serif">causes</text></svg> |
+ | <p class="yellow center"><b>columnaris disease</b></p> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="section centered two-parts"> | <div class="section centered two-parts"> | ||
<div class="centered"> | <div class="centered"> | ||
− | <h1>What | + | <h1><b>What the Flavo</b><br>is going on with the fish?</h1> |
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="section centered"> | <div class="section centered"> | ||
<div class="centered wd-60"> | <div class="centered wd-60"> | ||
− | <p class="white">Thus, if the disease is not detected in a span of a few days, it can result in <b>massive fish die-offs</b>.</p> | + | <p class="white">Thus, if the disease is not detected in a span of a few days, it can result in <b class="emphasize">massive fish die-offs</b>.</p> |
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="section centered"> | <div class="section centered"> | ||
− | <div class="centered"> | + | <div class="centered wd-60"> |
− | + | <p class="white">Are there any solutions to this problem?</p> | |
− | < | + | |
</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
− | <div class="section centered | + | <div class="section centered wd-60"> |
<div> | <div> | ||
<p class="black center">We have found <b>three</b> major approaches to solving the Flavoproblem.</p> | <p class="black center">We have found <b>three</b> major approaches to solving the Flavoproblem.</p> |
Revision as of 21:48, 16 October 2020
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Throughout history fish have always played a crucial part in a nutritious diet across the world.
Over the past decades total production, trade and consumption of fish and aquaculture products significantly expanded.
Almost 156 million tonnes of fish ended up on our plates in 2018.
+0%
+0%
Rise in global aquaculture production from 1990 to 2018
Rise in total food fish consumption from 1990 to 2018
Growing fish consumption drives a need for a more intensive fish farming - a need which emerging aquaculture farms have stepped in to satisfy.
In order to obtain greater amounts of fish in a shorter period of time, aquafarms have implemented recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
Advantages of RAS
reduced water and land needs
fully controlled environment
automated feeding strategy
Disadvantages of RAS
high electricity consumption
water quality
However, the biggest challenge is...
Since the water in RAS is circulated between tanks, if one bacteria-infected fish enters the system, not long after, the entire RAS system can become contaminated.
THE PROBLEM
Diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. constitute one of the biggest host and geographic ranges of the bacterial fish pathogens.
The most common of these bacteria are the two opportunistic species:
Flavobacterium
psychrophilum
bacterial gill disease
&
rainbow trout fry syndrome
Flavobacterium
columnare
columnaris disease
What the Flavo
is going on with the fish?
Typically, these diseases are denoted by heavy bacterial colonizations of gill epithelium and eroded fin tips.
However, after these physical changes are being seen, the respiratory and osmoregulatory functions are already damaged.
Thus, if the disease is not detected in a span of a few days, it can result in massive fish die-offs.
Are there any solutions to this problem?
Actually, yes!
We have found three major approaches to solving the Flavoproblem.
detection
One of our main goals is the development of a detection test that is based on helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) and lateral-flow assay (LFA) methods. This kit will help farmers in identifying what the Flavo is in their tanks.
treatment
Detection, however, is only a tool which will reduce aquafarm’s losses - it will not solve the underlying problem.
Due to this reason, we have developed a new fundamental method to treat these diseases based on toxin-antitoxin or exolysin-endolysin systems.
prevention
On the other hand, no matter how perfect the treatment strategy is, it solves only the consequences of the disease.
Keeping this in mind, we have also created an innovative prevention tool, which is based on the packaging of immunogenic proteins into alginate beads.
Design
Results
Software
Model
Human
practices